Lesson135&136宾语从句宾语从句与中考试题在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。第一关第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。引导宾语从句的连接词,新目标课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:1)Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.2)Iamglad(that)you'vepassedtheexam.2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如:3)Doyouknowwhetherhewillridehereat8tomorrowmorning?(注:中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句,都为中考题,只写某地。)4)Tomdidn'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:6)Theteacheraskedthenewstudentwhichclasshewasin?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)7)Canyoutellmewhomheiswaitingfor?(天津市)4.连接副词when,where,why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:8)Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)9)Hedidn‘ttellmehowoldhisfriendwas.(四川省)(how引导宾语从句,作程度状语,修饰old,意为“怎样;如何”等意。)第二关第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。这里特别强调的是,它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如:10)Youmustrememberwhatyourteachersaid.(河南省)11)—Dad,doyouknowwhenthefootballgamewillstart?—Inhalfanhour.(宁波市)12)汉译英:你能不能告诉我,我们去看望谁?误:Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?正:Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?第三关第三关,注意时态的呼应。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如:13)汉译英:我原以为你今天有空的。误:Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.正:Ithought(that)youwouldbefreetoday14)他当时认为他在为什么服务。Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople.15)我听说她去过长城。IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall.16)约翰以前希望他会找到一份工作。Johnhopedthathewouldfindajobsoon.但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等,则不变化:17)Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.巩固与检测请做下列中考题:1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.(北京市东城区)A.thatB.howC.whatD.ifD2.—Idon‘tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(杭州市)A.whyB.whenC.howD.whereA3.—Weneverknow____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.(鄂州市)A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.(重庆市)A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhenAD5.—Couldyoutellme_____?I'mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon’tknow.(北京市海淀区)A.wheredoesMrLiliveB.wheredidMrLiliveC.WhereMrLilivesD.whereMrLilivedC6.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.(南京市)A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buyA7.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.(重庆市)A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatwasthematterD.whatwrongwasC8.—WhereisJack?—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.(南昌市)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.thereC