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18B期中复习二（语法梳理）U1Grammar现在完成时1一，概念1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。【强调过去到现在】译为‘--------了’，‘---已经------’Eg:Someonehasalreadypollutedtheriver.2_____________________________________e.g.3_____________________________________e.g.二，结构。have/has+V过去分词Ialready[read]thisbookmanytimes.三，关键词【归纳总结；】1.for+一段时间2.since+点时间/句子3.howlong提问1.inthepast+一段时间（译为；在过去的-----多长时间里）2.duringthelast+一段时间注意；1.already与yet用法；Already;用于肯定句，放句中或句末Yet;用于一般疑问句，否定句，放句末2.since的时态用法；Since前用完成时，后用过去时。四，句型转换1.变一般疑问句，把have,has提前。Already改为yet.2.变否定句，在have/has后加not,Exercise完成填空，划出关键词。1.Shealready[finish]herhomework.变一般疑问句并作肯回，否回；变否定句；2.Ijust[eat]thefood.3.youever[move]house？4.wenever[hear]ofthestorybefore.5.you[see]anyfilmsrecently？Yes,wehave.6.Mr.Jackson[write]about10novelssofar.7.SunshineTown[change]alotovertheyears.8.He[live]inthisareasincehewasborn.Since的时态用法；9.She[teach]Englishfor12years.10.people[plant]manytreesinthelastfewyears.U2Grammar现在完成时2一.havegone(to):________________________________________Havebeen(to)___________________________________________--Havebeen(in)___________________________________________Exercise:WhereisJohn?He_____________Beijing.He___________theresinceaweekago.Ourteacher___________theiroffice.Theywillbebackinaminute.They_________never_______Singapore.ButI__________theremanytimes.二．现在完成时的延续性21.在后面含有时间状语为for+一段时间、since+点时间肯定句中或howlong提问的特殊疑问句中，动词需用延续性动词，非延续性动词需要转化。Eg:Howlonghasthelittlebabyslept?Hehassleptforsixhours.He___________thismotorcycleforovertwoyears.A.hasboughtB.boughtC.hashadD.hadhad2.非延续性动词转化的有。buy---------------------------------_________________------------_________________borrow-----------------------------_________________-------------_________________leave-------------------------------_________________-------------_________________die----------------------------------_________________-------------_________________begin/start-------------------------_________________-------------_________________join---------------------------------_________________-------------_________________arrive/come/go-------------------_________________------------_________________open--------------------------------_________________------------_________________getmarried-----------------------_________________------------_________________Exx.一、翻译句子1.这些日子你去哪里了？2.我父亲已经去上海出差去了。3.他离开家已经10年了。4.足球赛已经开始15分钟了。5.他从去年加入了篮球俱乐部。6.你去过香港迪士尼乐园几次?7.她已经到达公司半个小时了。8.A:我昨天没看见你。你去哪儿了？B:我去电影院了。A:你什么时候去电影院的？B:昨天下午。12.A:我几天没看见你了?你去哪儿了?B:我去苏格兰(Scotland)参观城堡了。二、同义句转换。1.Theclasswasovertenminutesago.Theclass___________________fortenminutes.2.Hisgrandpadiedin2004.Hisgrandpa___________________for14years.3.Theexhibitionhasbeenonforthreedays.Theexhibition__________________threedaysago.4.Myparentsgotmarried25yearsago.Myparents__________________for25years.U3一般过去时和现在完成时的区别Tense（时态）Structure（结构）Tense（时态）Concept（概念）thesimplepasttense（一般过去时）表示过去某时发生的动作，和现在（有、没有）关系。thepresentperfecttense（现在完成时）表示过去发生的某一动作,强调和现在（有、没有）关系。3thesimplepasttense（一般过去时）主语+V过去式+其他thepresentperfecttense（现在完成时）主语+have/has+V过去分词+其他Tense（时态）Thetimeexpressions（标志词）thesimplepasttense（一般过去时）yesterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+过去某一年，twodaysago,justnow等注：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.thepresentperfecttense（现在完成时）already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,before，for+一段时间,since+过去的时间点,theseyears,sofar,upto/tillnow，in/during/overthepast/lastfew/threeyearsseveraltimes等连用accordingtothecontext（根据语境）Exx.一、选词且用其适当形式填空bebuyreadreturnseeshowHaveyoueverdreamtoftravellingaroundtheworldwithoutapassport?Yes,youcanrealizeyourdreambytakinganonlinetour.YesterdayDanniel(1)_________meanonlinetouroftheUSA.I(2)_____never_______somanywonderfulpictruesbefore.Lastweek,I(3)_________abookabouttheplacesofinterestintheUSA.I(4)___________20pagesalready.It’sreallyfun.Mydad(5)________just________fromtheUSA,butI(6)______never_______there.IhopeIcanvisittheUSAsomeday.二、选择()1.How’sAnnie?I__________herforalongtime.A.don’tseeB.won’tseeC.didn’tseeD.haven’tseen()2.MrWhitecametoourschoolin2008andsincethenhe_____usEnglish.A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach()3.--Where’syourbrother,Jane?--He’snotinGuiyangthesedays.He_________Beijing.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.willgoD.wentto()4.--HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?--Yes.I_________thereafewmonthsago.A.havebeenB.wentC.havegoneD.willgo()5.Someone______theclassroom.Look!Howcleanitis!A.hassweptB.issweepingC.aresweepingD.havesweptU4【一】疑问词+todo充当宾语，可以与宾语从句改同义句1.Idon’tknowwhattoread=Idon’tknowwhatIshouldread.规则；加主语和情态动词,去to2.Sandyiswonderingwhereshecanaskforhelp.=Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.规则；去主语和情态动词，加toIhavemanyclothes,butdon’tknowtowear.A.whatB.whichIhavemanynicedresses,butIdon’tknowtowear.A.whatB.which3.词组(1)和谁说话whototalkto(2)向谁寻求帮助whotoaskforhelp(3)去哪儿寻求帮助wheretoaskforhelp(4)何时交他们的作业whentohandintheirwork4(5)用什么颜色涂强whichcolourtopaintthewalls.(6)谁的建议该采纳whoseadvicetotake(7)随身携带多少钱howmuchmoneytotakewithyou(8)做什么whattodo(9)怎样做howtodoit【二】haveto与must用法1.haveto;不得不，必须表示客观原因must;[1]必须表示命令，表示主观意愿[2]一定表示肯定的推测2.否定用法don’t/doesn’th