中国风电产业发展回顾

中国风电产业发展回顾REVIEWOFCHINESEWINDPOWERINDUSTRYDEVELOPMENT施鹏飞ShiPengfei中国可再生能源学会风能专业委员会ChineseWindEnergyAssociation(CWEA)E-mail:[e-mail]2014年7月2日2July2014中国风电产业WindPowerIndustryinChina中国风电产业十年期间发生巨变，经历了爆发式高速发展，又跌落低谷再转入复苏的曲折过程In2004Chinajuststartedtodevelopwindpowerindustryinlarge-scale,itexperiencedexplosiveofrapiddevelopment,thenfallingintothetroughandagaintherecoveryoftortuousprocessinadecade.2003年底风电装机只有50万千瓦，世界排名第十Bytheendof2003,windpowercapacityisonly0.5GW,rankedtenthintheworld发展到2013年并网容量7700万千瓦，吊装容量超过9000万千瓦，上升为世界第一的风电大国Bytheendof2013thegridconnectedcapacityriseto77GWtheindtalledcapacityover90GW,astheNo.1intheworld中国风电产业WindPowerIndustryinChina十年中建立了世界规模最大的风电产业Inadecadethelargestwindpowerindustrywasalsoestablished风电设备制造商和风电场开发商从粗放式数量扩张，向提高质量降低全寿命周期风电成本的方向转变，步入稳定持续健康成长的阶段Thewindpowerequipmentmanufacturersandwindfarmdeveloperschangingthewayofdevelopment,fromextensivequantitativeexpansiontoimprovethequality,toobtainthelowestgenerationcostinwholelife-cycle,turnedintothestablephaseofsustainedandhealthygrowth2003-2013累计-吊装容量（单位：百万千瓦）02040608010020032004200520062007200820092010201120122013Thecumulativeinstalledcapacityduring2003-2013(GW)风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry风电特许权招标政策Windpowerconcessionbiddingpolicy2003年政府决定实行风电特许权招标政策In2003thegovernmentdecidedtoimplementwindpowerconcessionbiddingpolicy本世纪之初中国的风电场主要依赖进口的风电机组，由于价格昂贵难以大规模发展Atthebeginningofthiscentury,windfarmsinChinamainlyreliedonimportsofwindturbines,large-scaledevelopmentisdifficultbecausethepriceistooexpensive.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry项目规模至少10万千瓦（100MW），使用的机组部件本地化率不低于50%，以后升至70%projectsizeatleast100MW,thedomesticmadecomponentsusedintheturbineshouldnotbelessthan50%,andriseto70%later.通过上网电价的招标竞争选择开发商throughtariffbiddingcompetitiontoselectdevelopers.本世纪之初中国的风电场主要依赖进口的风电机组Atthebeginningofthiscentury,windfarmsinChinamainlyreliedonimportsofwindturbines风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry风电特许权招标政策的目的Thepurposeofwindpowerconcessionbiddingpolicy-建立一定规模的风电市场-toestablishacertainamountofwindpowermarket,-培育本国风电设备的制造能力-creatingthedomesticwindpowerequipmentmanufacturingcapacity风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry-降低占风电项目投资70%的风电机组价格-reducingthepriceofwindturbinewhichaccountedfor70%oftheinvestmentinwindpowerprojects,-最终使上网电价降下来，有利于更大规模的发展。-finallythetariffoftheelectricitygeneratedbywindeventuallycomedowninfavorofalargerdevelopment.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry此后几年中国风电每年新增和累计装机容量的增长速度均超过100%Thefollowingfewyearsthegrowthrateofannualandcumulativewindpowerinstalledcapacityaremorethan100%,2009年当年新增约1400万千瓦，累计约2600万千瓦in2009about14GWincreasedannually,andabout26GWcumulatively.风电机组供不应求，销售利润较高，吸引大量机电制造企业进入风电领域Windturbinewereinshortsupply,higherprofitonsalesattractingalargenumberofmechanicalandelectricalproductmanufacturingenterprisesenteredthefieldofwindpower风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry主要通过欧洲的制造商以许可证生产，或与工程咨询公司联合设计等方式引进技术primarilybythewaysoflicenseproductionfromEuropeanmanufacturers,jointdesignwithengineeringconsultingfirmstointroducetechnology,迅速生产出产品满足市场需求quicklysupplyproductstomeetmarketdemand.许可证生产–Licensing1.25MWwindturbine联合设计-Jointdesign2MWwindturbine自主研发-Indepententdesign3.6MWwindturbine风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry大批量生产使机组成本明显下降Theunitcostsdecreasedsignificantlyduetomassproduction达到了培育本国制造能力的目的thepurposeofcreatingdomesticmanufacturingcapacitywasreached.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry中国内资风电机组制造商的累计市场份额Thecumulativemarketshareofthedomestic-ownedwindturbinemanufacturers从2003年的11%增长到2013年的88%increasedfrom11%to88%during2003to2013,累计吊装容量从2003年的6万千瓦增长到2013年的8010万千瓦thecumulativeinstalledcapacityincreasedfrom0.06GWto80.1GWduring2003to2013.2003-2013内资风电机组制造商新增和累计吊装容量市场份额（%）0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%100.00%20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013Themarketshareofannualandcumulativeinstalledcapacityduring2003-2013fordomesticownedmanufacturers(%)annualcumula.2003-2013内资风电机组制造商新增和累计吊装容量02040608010020032004200520062007200820092010201120122013Theannualandcumulativeinstalledcapacityduring2003-2013fordomesticownedmanufacturers(GW)annualcumula.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry外资风电机组制造商的累计市场份额虽然从2003年的89%降低到2013年的12%Eventhoughthecumulativemarketshareofforeign-ownedwindturbinemanufacturers,reducedfrom89%to12%during2003to2013但是由于中国风电市场总量很大，外资制造商累计吊装容量从2003年的51万千瓦还是增长到2013年的1130万千瓦butduetothelargetotalamountofwindpowermarketinChina,thecumulativeinstalledcapacityofforeign-ownedmanufacturersincreasedfrom0.51GWto11.3GWduring2003to2013.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry外资风电机组制造商2003当年新增市场份额虽然高达70%，但是容量只有7万千瓦Theannualincreasedmarketshareofforeign-ownedwindturbinemanufacturersashighas70%in2003,buttherealinstalledcapacitywasonly0.07GW,而2013当年新增市场份额仅6%，容量却有100万千瓦whileintheyear2013theannualincreasedmarketshareonly6%,butthenewinstalledcapacitywashighupto1GW.风电设备制造业的成长Growthofwindpowerequipmentindustry外资风电机组制造商在采用中国制造的部件时提出非常严格的要求Whentheforeign-ownedwindturbinemanufacturerspurchasingC