《澳大利亚简介》PPT课件

AUSTRALIAAustralia“TheLandDownUnder”Australiaiscalledthe“LandDownUnder”becauseitistheonlycontinentwithapopulationentirelybelowtheequatorAustraliaLikeCanadaandNewZealand,AustraliaisapartoftheBritishCommonwealth•Government:FederalConstitutionalMonarchyunderParliamentaryDemocracy•TheQueenofEnglandistheofficialHeadofState•CurrentPrimeMinister:JuliaGillard•Capital:Canberra•LargestCity:Sydney•Population:21,874,900(2009)•Climate:Semi-arid(dry),tropicalinnorthJuliaGillard•27thPrimeMinister•MemberofLaborParty•FirstfemalePrimeMinisterTheGovernmentisSeparatedintoThreeParts:1.Parliament(Legislative)makeslaws2.TheFederalExecutiveCouncil,PrimeMinister,andMinistersofState(Executive)approveslaws3.TheHighCourtofAustralia(Judicial)judgeslawsParliamentofAustraliaConsistsofThreeParts:1.TheQueen(representedbyParliament’sGovernor-General)2.TheHouseofRepresentatives3.TheSenateBriefTimeline1.40,000years:AustralianAborigines2.1606:FirstEuropeans(Dutch,WillemJanszoon)3.1770:FirstBritish(JamesCook)4.1788-1867:AustraliaasaBritishpenalcolony(NewSouthWales)5.1901:AustraliaasaCommonwealthCountry6.1931:Australiawithamoreindependentgovernment7.1966:GovernmententirelyindependentofU.K.PriortocolonizationbytheBritish,itisbelievedthatAustraliahadbeeninhabitedforover40,000yearsbyseveralgroupsofindigenouspeoples.ThesepopulationsaregenerallyreferredtoasAboriginesandnowonlyconstituteabout2%ofthecountry’spopulation.AlthoughtheDutchwerethefirstEuropeanstoexploreAustralia,theareawasfirstcolonizedbytheBritishinthelate1700s.NewSouthWaleswasthefirstBritishColonyestablishedonJanuary26,1788.Forthisreason,AustralianscelebrateJanuary26astheirNationalDay.WhentheEuropeansarrived,theyclashedwiththelocalpeopleandkilledmanyofthem.Diseasesandtheintroductionofforeignplantsalsothreatenedtheoriginalpeoplesandenvironment.•In1770,CaptainJamesCooklandedinAustraliaandclaimedtheislandfortheBritishempire•ThefirstcoloniesinAustraliawereestablishedaspenalcolonies•ApenalcolonyisanareasettledforthepurposeoftransportingcriminalsratherthanputtingtheminprisonDuringthelasthalfofthe19thcentury,AustraliansbeganworkingtowardsindependencefromtheBritishempireandtheAustraliancoloniesestablishedtheCommonwealthofAustraliaonJanuary1,1901.AsAustraliannationalismroseduringthesecondhalfofthe1800s,sodidracism.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustraliahadbroughtmanyimmigrantsandoncetheCommonwealthofAustraliawasestablishedapolicyofWhiteAustralialimiting“non-white”immigrationwaspracticeduntil1975.EarlydaysoftheAustralianmilitary•AustraliansfoughtintheFirstWorldWaraspartoftheBritisharmy.•TheattackonGallipoli,thenpartoftheOttomanEmpire,wasthefirstmajormilitaryactionbyAustralianandNewZealandarmies.ContinuedIndependence•IntheyearsthatfollowedtheFirstWorldWar,theUnitedKingdomissuedthe1931StatuteofWestminster,grantingAustraliagreaterconstitutionalindependence•In1966,theAustraliaActwaspassed,makingtheAustraliangovernmentindependentoftheUnitedKingdom•QueenElizabethIIandanysubsequentUKmonarchsaretoserveasthemonarchofAustraliabutwithnoactualpoliticalpower.CanberraSydneyReligion•ThemajorityofAustraliansareChristianofsomedenomination•TheAboriginesarecalled“thePeopleoftheDreaming”,practicingareligionandlifestyleaccordingtothemythsoftheirpeople(“dreamtime”).Seepage244-245AustralianCustoms•Greetingsaregenerallyinformal.CommongreetingfromAustraliansis“G’day,mate”(“goodday”,meaning“hello”)•Peoplearegenerallyhumbleabouttheiraccomplishments•Sometimespeoplebringtheirownfoodtocook-outsVegemiteSandwich•Vegemiteisabrownpastemadefromyeastwithasalty,slightlybittertaste.ItisspreadonbreadortoastAustralianMusicMusicoftheAustralianAboriginesDidgeridooPopMusicMenAtWork1980’sPopGroup“TheLandDownUnder”byMenAtWorkTravelinginafried-outcombieOnahippietrail,headfullofzombieImetastrangelady,shemademenervousShetookmeinandgavemebreakfastAndshesaid,Doyoucomefromalanddownunder?Wherewomenglowandmenplunder?Can'tyouhear,can'tyouhearthethunder?Youbetterrun,youbettertakecover.BuyingbreadfromamaninBrusselsHewassixfootfourandfullofmusclesIsaid,Doyouspeak-amylanguage?HejustsmiledandgavemeavegemitesandwichAndhesaid,IcomefromalanddownunderWherebeerdoesflowandmenchunderCan'tyouhear,can'tyouhearthethunder?Youbetterrun,youbettertakecover.LyinginadeninBombayWithaslackjaw,andnotmuchtosayIsaidtotheman,AreyoutryingtotemptmeBecauseIcomefromthelandofplenty?Andhesaid,Oh!Doyoucomefromalanddownunder?(ohyeahyeah)Wherewomenglowandmenplunder?Can'tyouhear,can'tyouhearthethunder?Youbetterrun,youbettertakecover.KeithUrbanModernCountryMusicSinger,FamousinAmericaNicoleKidman-Actress“TheOutback”•TheAustralian“outback”isthecenterofthecountry•Itismostlydesert.•VeryfewpeoplelivethereAustralianAnimalsLikeNewZealand,AustraliaisknownformanyrareanimalsKangarooWombatKoalaCrocodileSteveIrwin–“TheCrocodileHunter”HornyDevilDuck-billedPlatypusEchidna(SpinyAnteater)Questions1.HowisAustraliadifferentthanNewZealand2.Howisitsimilar?3.Whatare3uniquethingsaboutAustraliacomparedtoothercountries?