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中小企业发展中所面临的问题北京辽宁江苏浙江湖北广东云南问卷调查报告林汉川夏敏仁何杰管鸿禧了解中小企业的发展现状与面临的问题,是实施各种扶持和促进中小企业发展政策的重要依据本文根据对北京辽宁江苏浙江湖北广东云南七省市14000多家中小企业的问卷调查,分析了中小企业的所有制与产销竞争力等诸多问题,并为解决这些问题提出了对策建议中小企业面临问题探析作者林汉川,1949年生,经济学博士,对外经济贸易大学教授(北京100029);夏敏仁,1969年生,中南财经政法大学经济学院博士生;何杰,1967年生,中南财经政法大学经济学院博士生;管鸿禧,1973年生,中南财经政法大学经济学院博士生(武汉430074),,14000,,,14000,3027,1,,,84(70272006)(02BJL026)()3027,14391415,3009%,3183%,1466%,695%,229%,1418%,,70%30%,,,,,(1),3611%,()30%,2155%,325%,1208%,,,,(1)1(%)(%)43330094632545831835113611211146638230100695305215533229171120820414181439114151(),,268%,,558%,,38%,,192%219%241%,(143%),(376%)(23),,37%60%,31%60%80%;20%80%95%,14%95%,,50%60%;,23%95%,17%60%,(4)85中小企业发展中所面临的问题2%422558458380211219100241331922042543%416286273143655376268495%80%95%60%80%60%9212050111827441524314423213917121346291323253914203137,,(5)5100%90%99%90%95%80%95%80%3932873252051646313443882681900296515274456279162266595,31%,59%,,14%(6),7,:911,,86中国社会科学2003年第2期A,B,C,D,E,F,G6(%)(%)ABCDEFG5941231316171588227844930222293763191226332522080841124332013258235152115191356532131821213214963321815315531692010152313154,2838,1583,558%;819,289%,287,101%;,149,53%,,100(7),7(%)14918065411631096946453304459263573581261941119259888514579667461692472782838158355828710114953819289,,,75(8),()1998,6824%,87中小企业发展中所面临的问题:A(),B,C,D,E,F,G8437%98ABCDEFG165342712654379(%)00%877849672101%499%11137122010500%990%1475241051000%67345534100100100100100100,,100%67%;50%81%,3%;10%,,50%,4%7%(10)10(%)(50%)(50%)%%%%%%5958727477111269831097183122397744141762977775201953067476183184417015625427()3027,16665505%,11,67%,86%1,14%2,,,,(11),,,687%,(345%)34,,,898%,91%70%,,573%,26%411%,1488中国社会科学2003年第2期,,(12)11%%%67210389008%24%2685803891011471456%6%15910061151203614063%96%3452213%21%228071811010010010010012687%91%(1)494%573%(1),25%(6)529%411%(1),26%(8)345%70%(1)568%72%(1),18%(8):(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6);(7);(8)()1998,215,176,18%13,,1998285%,209%,74%,024%19951998,13:(%)1995199619971998()17818520320962667374016018019024(),207080,90,1637,42%90,9036%,15%30,06%89中小企业发展中所面临的问题70,,,,,(14)1470708090100%50%100%50%100%50%4651112352433639006335051447820622244723311637061528494236,34%,,,,()6,()38%;,30%,,11%10%7%6%,,,,,,:,,,,(15)15(%)12312312312312312333101236371010191471817692087262661143321215281562114123101145305940331010311562021123148423081138351011231571918461210838()11,,,(471%)90中国社会科学2003年第2期43%,207%(16)16%%%11337471288102259922286101623220156553301106594210442157424386445157507180522278278984611636119421726133812078229148522027281294517662303107988318329113401022082208371311903401201283810002833100028201000(),,67%,37%,:,?35%,19%,46%,()5,3,,,57%51%55%47%64%30%12%16%18%18%;13%37%29%35%18%;,(17),,91中小企业发展中所面临的问题17(%)2565106603465737125632127117453718254431295417363232315415395011265321196417254530206416384517143543324820283438304921215425134451255223183547185923305713125137165529184735186418()5,,30%,,40%,45%,,21%,(),25%(),,()12%,,43%()51%,()55%,29%,16%,,,,,,,():,47%,35%,18%():,,,,18%;,64%()47%,34%,53%,43%7%,,(18),,,92中国社会科学2003年第2期18(%)3961208037633169793604034665644406015854654505061395941694524840606139445619942583169544659417934951346659414951991435728724456217949610,(1762%),(16%)(998%);(1945%),(1763%),(1577%)(12178%);(20184%)(15117%),/(14133%)(19)19%%%115001716254519145162518921163517544215177321111683169214323581392268122414541610229121782107164514811691274153953146611625174399141234171511771283919849417163573201848198314523481383941413391511180993153318111561019013290111331172283728132749,,,93#中小企业发展中所面临的问题,:(),,,,,,(),,(),,:(1),,;,,;,,,(2),,/,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,(),(),(),,,,,,:,;,,,,,,2010本文责任编辑:禾立钱永中2#94#中国社会科学2003年第2期TransitionalPeriodTanQiucheng#72#Townshipandvillageenterprises(TVEs)havebeenoperatinginimperfectmarketandpoliticalsystemsintheperiodoftransition.Duringthisperiod,ruralorganizationshavecapitalintheformofpowertoacquirefactors,organizetransactionsandevaderisks.Onlywhencombinedwiththemanpowercapitalofentrepreneurscanpowercapitalrealizeitsvalue.Similarly,onlyunderanumbrellaofprotectioncananentrepreneursuccessfullyrunhisenterprise.Powercapitalandmanpowercapitalarelockedinamutualbenefitrelationship.Intheircooperation,ruralorganizationsandentrepreneurschoosetheformwiththeleastdistortionofinvestmentandthemaximumprofit.Asruralorganizationsindifferentareaspossessdifferentresources,andasindustriesvaryastotheirneedforpowercapitalandmanpowercapital,theTVEsaredividedintotwoforms:collectiveandprivate.Collectiveownershipwillremainforaratherlongperiodoftime,andprivateandcollectiveTVEswillexistsidebysideintothelongfuture.(7)ProblemsFacedbySmallandMedium2sizedEnterprisesinChina)))ReportonaSurveyinBeijing,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hubei,GuangdongandYunnanLinHanchuanXiaMinrenHeJieGuanHongxi#84#Thestatusquoandproblemsfacedbysmallandmedium2sizedenterprisesformanimportantbasisformeasurestobetakenfortheirsupportanddevelopment.Basedonaquestionnairecompletedinmorethan14,000smallandmedium2sizedenterprisesinBeijing,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hubei,GuangdongandYunnanthispaperanalyzestheirproblemsintermsofownership,competit