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1中考文章摘录要点专题讲解一、考题要求：第二节摘录要点(5小题，计10分)阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。二、样题研究：2014长沙摘录要点样题是一篇150个词的文章，它由两部分组成，一是所需阅读的文章一篇，二是根据该文章所设计的图表，其题材为说明文，图表是文章的结构图，它反映了文章本身的逻辑思路，也是反映命题人的设题思路。图表共5个空格，其答题信息均可直接从原文中找到。三、对考生要求：尽管样题的答题信息均可从原文中直接找到，但为了使考生万无一失，以不变应万变，我们还是对考生相关能力提出了更高要求。1.阅读理解能力。对文章的整体把握，领略大意。对文章的结构和层次把握，弄清局部和整体的关系。对文章局部的透彻理解，提取有用信息。2.对图表的识读能力。考生要迅速把握图表的结构分布层次，命题人的出题角度，哪个空是考察细节，哪个空考察结论，哪个空考察标题。3.分析、概括、推断能力。图表试题中有的可以直接从原文中提取到，有的则需要对原文信息进行再加工处理，得到原文相一致的文外词汇。4.正确书写能力。这就需要考生具有一定的词汇储备，而且能够认识句子结构和句子成分，根据句子结构和成分来判断所填词的词性。当然，考生也应该具有构词法的知识。例如，词性转换，形容词、副词的比较级、最高级，名词的复数形式等。此外，还有提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。四、解题步骤：第一步，浏览图表。划分板块，标题块、结论块、主题块、细节块。标题块和结论块里的空放在最后做，然后按主题块次序先做细节空，再做主题空。第二步，快速略读全文，把主题块和相应的段落对应起来。第三步，在图表中领任务，第一主题块对应的细节中的空，带上任务精读相应的段落细节，提取信息，填空完成试题。然后完成主题块，最后完成标题块。五、题目的设置类型及答题策略1.信息捕捉题(文中原词)要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。例如：样题中第58题可从原文第一句ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.直接得出。样题中第59题可从第一段最后一句Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts－theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.直接得出。2.同义转换题灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定不超过3个词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。2014长沙中考样题56题所给答案（56.Placesofinterest/Scenicspots/Scenicarea/Attractiveplaces…）就充分的体现了这一点。3.信息综合题(综合概括题)要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能2力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。例如样题的第57.ChangdePoemWall常见英语摘录要点概括性词汇：标题title主题topic原因cause/reason结果result措施/步骤measure/step方法solution/way/manner/method态度attitude趋势tendency结论conclusion建议suggestion/tip/advice要求requirement/demand问题problem观点opinion/view/idea意义significance目的/目标purpose/aim/goal影响effect/influence定义definition来源source数量quantity质量quality优劣advantage/disadvantage特色.特征feature人物/角色character.类型type/kind/sort情节plot内容content行为behavior重要性importance必要性necessity/must情感feeling/emotion异同difference/similarity外表appearance信息information人口population贡献contribution想象力imagination创造力creativity概括、总结summary要点、提纲outline其它time/place/situation/condition六、专题训练第一组（1）阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。ItliesinTaoyuanCountyandis23kmawayfromChangde.Thetemplesherewerebuiltinthe10thcentury.Duringthereign(统治)ofGuangxu(1875-1908)oftheQingDynasty,ascenicspot(景点)appearedaccordingtothearticle“OntheLandofPeach（桃）Flowers”writtenbyTaoYuanming,afamouswriteroftheJinDynasty.Thetourareatodayismadeupoffourparts－theTaohuaMountain,theTaohualingHill,theTaoyuanMountainandtheQinrenVillage.ChangdePoemWallChangdePoemWallisa3-kilometer-longriverbankalongsidetheYuanjiangRiver,whichisengraved(雕刻)withpoems,handwritingandpaintinganditislistedasthelongestwallwithengravedartsinGuinnessRecord.TaohuayuanTitle（标题）:56inChangdeNameLocation(位置)Features(特色)TaohuayuaninTaoyuanCountytheTaohuaMountain5958awayfromChangdetheTaoyuanMountaintheQinrenVillage357alongsidetheYuanjiangRiverpoemshandwriting60（2）ArecentreportfromZhuzhouDailysaysabout18%ofZhuzhouteenagerscanhaveproblemswiththeirminds（内心，精神）.Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyveryhard.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.ZhangQiang,aJunior2studentfromZhuzhou,couldnotunderstandhisteachersinclassandwasdoingbadlyinhislessons.Hewasafraidofexams.Whenhelookedattheexampaper,hecouldn’tthinkofanythingtowrite.Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlcalledWuYanoftenarguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseofsomedifferentideas.Shebecamesoannoyedaboutthemthatshestartedtocutherfingerwithaknife.However,manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’tgoforadviceorhelp.Somethinktheywilllookstupid（愚蠢的）iftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon’twanttotalkabouttheirsecrets.Inordertosolvetheteenagers’problems,hereissomeadvice:●Talktoyourparentsorteachersoften.●Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.●Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.Title:Teenager'sproblemswith_____①_____ProblemsExamplesZhangQiang1.Notunderstandinghisteachersand____②_____inhisstudy2.BeingafraidofexamsWuYanArguedwithherclassmatesevenherparentsbecauseof____________③_______________._______④_____●Talkingtoyourparentsorteachersoften.●__________⑤__________groupactivitiesandplaysports.●Goingtoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappyorunwell.（3）InmostChineseteavillages,Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.Theusuallyquietvillagessuddenlybecomecrowdedcentersofactivity,aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepareforteaprocessing.Insomevillages,localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies,thankingheavenforitsblessing.ThepriceofteapickedinMarchisextremelyhighbecauseitisfresh,tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements.Chinahasbeenfamousforteaproductionsinceancienttimes.OfthegoodstransportedandtradedalongtheOldSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope,theimportanceof4teawasmatchedonlybysilk.ChinaproducesOolong,black,green,white,yellowanddarktea.TheOolong,greenandblackvarietiesaremostfamousfortheirhighquality.MostofChina'steavillagesarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry'ssouthandsouthwest,wherethebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.1.Title:_______________TimeFrom2.__________________tillnowTradinginthepastAlongthe3.________________tomanyother