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Complexsentence复合句：AttributiveClause定语从句由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句=主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）Thestudents(whodonotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主语主句谓语结构从句主语从句谓语结构Attributiveclause:在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系代词指人who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)指物that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)关系副词where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)Attributiveclause:限制性定语从句restrictive非限制性定语从句non-restrictive对先行词起限制作用PeoplewhocansaysometimesactJustasfoolishly.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.TheywenttoalargeroomwhichLookedlikeashop.对先行词起补充作用，有逗号与主句分开Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isnowplayedallovertheworld.Jenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisYesterday,livesinmynextroom.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterTeachesEnglishatamiddleschool.如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词一、动词及物动词：后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词。不及物动词：后面不必要跟宾语意义就完整的动词。tell,see,help,get,find,receivego,lie,rise,arrive,listen,happen,look,live有许多不及物动词，有时在它们的后面用介词，然后跟宾语。lookat,listento,goto,arriveat/in,laughat,livein二、介词：属于虚词，不能单独使用，必须和名词和相当于名词的其它单词、短语、或从句连用，构成介词短语。介词短语在句子中作表语、定语、和状语。Thebowlisonthetable.Theclockonthewallismine.Iwasbornin1986.Weareintheclassroom.DoyouknowJackfromBritain.Wecan’tgobecauseofsnow.Whoisondutytoday.Youcanusethepenonthedesk.Iwillgobyplane.表语定语状语如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如都全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).____whenJurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________whenPleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是用关系代词，不是，用关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichinwhich=inthehouse介词短语作状语Thehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.______whichthat/Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake._____whowhomthat/Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________wheninwhichinwhich=intheyear介词短语作状语3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChinawasfounded).whenThenewhouse(______hasbeenpainted)ismine.WhichthatThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat介词+关系代词（whom/which）介词的位置比较灵活，既可以放在从句的原先位置，也可以放在关系代词的前面。如介词放在原先的位置，关系代词也可以省略。依据定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词来判定。如何选定介词Thisisthedrawer(___________Iputmylettersin).which/that/-Thisisthedrawer(______________Iputmyletters).inwhich/whereIfinishedreadingthebook______________thegirldescribedherlife.inwhich/whereIwasbornintheyear___________theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.inwhich/whenIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenThefactory(______________myfatherworks)makestelephones.inwhich/where思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系代词代替。Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichYesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______________(thegreatwriterusedtolive).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenThefilm(___________________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.duringwhich结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系代词代替。Correctthefollowingsentences:1.Thesewhohaveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.2.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.which-thatthese-those3.Whichweallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.which-as4.IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhichIlivedinthefarmwhichyouvisitedlastweek.5.TheradiosetwhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.itthefirstwhich-when6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.7.Thedaywillcomewhichthepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation.them-whichwhich-when8.Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoisworkinginChina.is-are9.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedintheschool.11.Heisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhomuchcanbelearned.who-that10.Myglasses,withwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.with-withoutwho-whom12.Aharvesterisamachinewithwhichweharvestcropsorapersonwhichisharvesting.second‘which’-who13.Ihaveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing.14.InthepolicestationIsawthemanfromwhichroomthethiefhadstolentheTVset.which-aswhich-whose15.Chapin,forwhomoneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.who-whom16.Pleaseputtheletterwhichhecaneasilyfindit.which-where17.Thehouseinthefrontofwhichthereisabigtreewasbuiltmorethan1000yearsago.drop‘the’18.Antarctic,whichweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.which前加about19.ThereasonwhyIwasawayfromschoolisbecauseIwasillyesterday.because-that20.ItwasameetingthatimportanceIdidn’treali