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I、TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:(30%,2markeach)1．informationretrieval：信息检索2．artificialintelligence：人工智能3．IPaddress：网络地址4．addressbus：地址总线5．programstorageandexecution：程序的存储与执行6．website：网站，站点7．parallelconnection：并联连接,并行连接8．处理器芯片：processorchip9．输入输出系统：inputoutputsystem10．程序设计语言：programminglanguage11．喷墨打印机：inkjetprinter12．文字处理软件：wordprocessor13．串行连接：serialconnection14．个人计算机：pc/personalcomputer15．超大规模集成电路：verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuitII、Fillinthebankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:(10%,2markeach)1．Aprogramisasequenceofritualsthatcanbeexecutedbyacomputer.2、ThesoftwarethatcontrolstheinteractionbetweentheinputandoutputhardwareiscalledBIOS,whichstandsforBasicInput/OutputSystem.3.ItcanbesaidthathavingasteadypowerisimportantforacomputerbecauseRAMisrandomaccessmemory.4、AllthenameserversthroughouttheinternetarepartofaninternetwidedirectorysystemknownastheExtensivelistthatisusedtoconvertaddressesinmnemonicformintotheirequivalentbit-patternforms.5、Videodisplayscommonlytakeoneoftwoforms.TheyareCRT-basedscreensandLCD-basedscreens.1、计算机的程序是有一系列的机器指令组成的;从计算机组成的层次结构来说，计算机的指令分：微指令：是微程序级的命令，它属于硬件。宏指令：是由若干条机器指令组成的软件指令，它属于软件。机器指令：介于微指令和宏指令之间，通常简称为指令，每一条指令可以完成一个独立的算术运算或逻辑运算操作。译文：Computerprogramishaveaseriesofmachineofinstruction;Fromthecomputerhierarchyofstructurefor,acomputerinstructionpoints:theinstructions:istheprocesslevelcommand,itbelongstothehardware.Amacroinstruction:iscomposedbyseveralmachineinstructionsarticlesoftwareinstructions,itbelongstosoftware.Instructions:betweentheinstructionsandmacroinstructionbetween,commonlyreferredtoastheinstruction,everycommandcanbecompletedanindependentarithmeticoperationsorlogicoperationsoperation.2、计算机上网要通过调制解调器连接，调制解调器是转换模拟信号和数字信号的工具，数字信号是由0或1组成的字符串，先将发送方电脑发出的数字信号转换成模拟信号后经电话线传输给接收方电脑，再由接收方电脑将该模拟信号转换成可以处理的数字信号，实现通信。译文：ThecomputertotheInternetthroughamodemconnection,Amodemisadevicethatconvertsbetweenanaloganddigitalsignals,digitalsignalsusuallyrepresentedbyaseriesof1’sand0’s,firstwillsendthedigitalsignalfromacomputerpartyconvertedintoanalogsignalsbytelephonelinesafterthetransfertothereceivingpartycomputer,againbythereceivingpartywillthecomputersimulationsignalcanbeconvertedintodigitalsignalprocessing,realizecommunication.1、Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.译文：一个编译器,在计算机科学中,是一种计算机程序,它可以将源代码翻译成目标代码。软件工程师编写源代码使用高级编程语言,人们可以理解。计算机不能直接执行源代码,但需要一个编译器将这些指导一个低级语言被称为机器代码。2、Thepaceofchangebroughtaboutbynewtechnologieshashadasignificanteffectonthewaypeoplelive,work,andplayworldwide.Newandemerging(出现)technologieschallengethetraditionalprocessofteachingandlearning,andthewayeducationismanaged.Itisfrenquentlyclaimedthatthemostpotent（强有力的）agentofchangeonpresent-daysocietywillprovetobeinformationtechnology(IT),whileanimportantareaofstudyinitsownright,ishavingamajorimpactacrossallcurriculumareas.译文：新技术带来的变化速度对于全世界人们的生活、工作和娱乐方式产生了重要影响。新兴技术对传统的教学过程以及教育的管理方式提出挑战。强有力的引领当今社会变化的是信息技术（IT），信息技术虽然本身就是一个重要的学习领域，但同时也在所有的课程领域产生着重大影响。