医学英文论文写作5-Results

IntroductionMethodsResultsandDiscussionResultsTheresultssectionofourpaperoughttobetheeasiestsectiontowriteifwehavebeentruetothepurposeofourstudyandhaverigorouslytestedourresearchhypothesis.ResultsTheresultssectionshouldalsobethemostobjectivesection.Itpresentstheunadorneddatawithaminimumamountofexplanation.Thisallowsthereadertoformtheirownjudgmentsaboutthemeaningoftheresults.However,tothegreatestextentpossible,explanationsandinterpretationsshouldbekeptforthediscussionsection.ICMJE’suniformrequirementsWeneedtothinkofthemostlogicalsequenceinwhichtopresentourdata,andthisisoften(butnotinvariably)thesequenceinwhichresultswereactuallyobtainedinourstudy.ResultsWhatwasfoundorseen?Decideonalogicalorderforpresentation(Table1).Presenttheresultsthathaveabearingonthequestionyouareexamining.Excludeirrelevantfindings,butneveromitvalidresultsthatappeartocontradictyourhypothesis.Table1CommonPatternsforOrganizingMaterialPatternBasisCategoricalGroupingsoflikeitemsChronologicalTimesequenceSpatialPhysicalarrangementofentitiesFunctionalHowpartsworkImportanceUsuallywithelementsinorderofdecreasingconsequenceProblem-solutionsPredicament,possibleanswers,whyeachwill/won’twork,usuallyfollowedbyspecificrecommendationSpecificityGeneraltoparticular,orparticulartogeneralComplexityUsuallyfromsimpletocomplexProandconBothsidesofanissueordecisionCausalityCauseandeffectDeductiveConclusionfirst,thenbackgroundleadinguptoitInductiveIndividualfactsfirst,leadingtoconclusionICMJE’sUniformRequirementsSincetheresultsaretheinformativecoreofthepaper,thissectionneedstosetoutourobservationsinadequatedetailandinaformwhichfacilitatesinterpretation.ResultsTablesandfiguresareusuallyanintegralpartofthissection.Don’tusethetexttoparrottheinformationtheycontain.Readerscanseethedataforthemselves.Instead,pointoutsalientfeaturesandnoterelationshipsbetweenthevariousresults.TypesofTablestabulation列表formaltable规则表①statisticaltable统计表②textual/wordtable文字表③matrix矩阵表TypesofFiguresdiagramandflowchart示意图和流程图primaryevidence原始数据①photographsofpatients患者照片②micrographs显微照片③gelelectrophoretograms凝胶电泳图④polygraphrecording多导描记图TypesofFiguresgraphs曲线图①linegraphs/drawings线图②scattergraphs,scattergrams散点图③bargraphs条图④histograms直方图⑤frequencypolygons频数多方图TypesofFiguresothertypesoffigures①piegraphs饼图②forestplot森林图③map地图Legends,Captionlegends,caption图例①figuredesignation图标（Figure2）②figuretitle图题③experimentaldetails试验细节④标明数值报告形式Valuesareexpressedasmean(SD).⑤definitions定义解释⑥statisticalinformation统计学信息⑦其他信息（信息来源，版权许可信息）★图例应隔行打字，以便同行专家及编辑审阅及修改。ResultsItisoftenusefultopresentdataintablesorfigures.However,weneedtobeconservative.Tableswithtoomuchdataaredifficulttocomprehend,andsuchdatamaybebetterservedbyagraph.ResultsFurthermore,weshouldnotusetablesandgraphswhenitispossibletopresentthesamedatawithclaritywithinthetextofthepaper.Notonlyisthecontentstraightforward,butalsothestyleusedbysuccessfulwritersisquitesimpleanddirect.MovesNormally,theresultssectionconsistsofonlyoneortwo“moves”.Theubiquitousmoveisthepresentationofobservationswhichwereconsistentwithourexpectationsorhypothesis.Somepapersincludeasecondmovewhichpresentsourinconsistentobservations.Thefirstmovehasanintroductorystatementwhichsummarizestheobservationsororientsthereadertothetexttofollow.●Theclinicaloutcomesat1,3and6monthsarepresentedbelow.Move1AmetatextualexpressionreferringtolatertextoravisualelementAstatementoftheresultsAsubstantiationorreiterationoftheresultsThreeStepsofMove1StepOneAmetatextualexpressionreferringtolatertextoravisualelementSteponeisdirectingthereaders’attentiontotextwhichexistsbelowortodatawhichexistsinanaccompanyingillustrationortable.ThreeStepsofMove1StepOneTheconstituentsentencesarewritteninthepresenttense.Theactiveandpassivevoiceareusedwithapproximatelythesamefrequency.●ThedataareshowninFigure2.Figure2showsthedata.●MeanbloodpressuresforthetwogroupsareshowninFig.1.ThreeStepsofMove1ThreeStepsofMove1一般现在时(Presenttense):对研究结果的说明或由其得出的一般性推论、不同结果之间或实验数据与理论模型之间进行比较●Thehigherincidenceofbackpainincivilianpilotsmaybedueto….●TheseresultsagreewellwiththefindingsofSmith….一般过去时(Pasttense):所叙述或总结研究结果的内容为关于过去的事实●Afterflightsoflessthantwohours,11%ofthearmypilotsand33%ofthecivilianpilotsreportedbackpain.ThreeStepsofMove1不要把图表的序号作为段落的主题句，应在句中指出图表所揭示的结论(把图表的序号放入括号中)●Figure1showstherelationshipbetweenAandB.●AwassignificantlyhigherthanBatalltimepointschecked(Fig.1).●ItisclearlyshowninTable1thatnocillininhibitedthegrowthofN.gonorrhoeae.●NocillininhibitedthegrowthofN.gonorrhoeae(Table1).√√StepTwo:astatementoftheresultStep2istheactualstatementofresultsobtainedwhentheresearchwasperformed,andsoisalmostinvariablywritteninthepasttense.Thepassivevoiceisconventionalinthiselementoftheresults.●Thetreatmentgrouphadlowermeanarterialpressurethanthecontrolgroup.ThreeStepsofMove1StepThreeAsubstantiationorreiterationoftheresults,characterizedbythepasttenseandthepassivevoice.●At3months,MAPinthetreatmentgroupwas10±3mmHglowerthaninthec