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Chapter2formationofmedicalterminology(1)hereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixesprefixmeaningexamplea-/an-without;notaphasia[əˋfeiziə]:theinabilitytounderstandwrittenorspokenwordsortospeakmeaningfully失语症ab-awayfromabortion[əˋbɔːʃn]:expulsion[ɪk'spʌlʃn]fromtheuterus[ˋjuːtərəs]（子宫）流产ad-to;toward;nearadnasal[ædˈneizəl]:nearthenose近鼻的acro-apointortipacronyx:growingintotheflesh嵌甲alb-whitealbino[ælˋbiːnəu]:apersonlackingnormalpigmentation（色素沉着，着色）[ˏpiɡmənˋteiʃən]白化病人,白化体amb-/ambi-bothambisexual[ˏæmbiˋseksjuəl]、bisexual[baiˋseksjuəl]:(person)whoissexuallyattractedtobothmalesandfamales两性的,雌雄同体的两性兼有行为amphi-/ampho-both;bothsidesamphicentric[ˏæmfiˋsentrik]:beginningandendinginthesamevessel起止同源的ana-up;backagainanabolism[əˋnæbəlizm]:processofbuildingupcomplexchemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimplerones合成代谢，组成代谢angio-abloodvesselangioma[ændʒiˋəumə]:benigntumorformedofbloodvessel血管瘤ante-beforeantenatal[ˏæntiˋneitl]:duringtheperiodbetweenconceptionandchildbirth出生前的，产前的anti-againstantidepressant[ˏæntidiˋpresənt]:(drug)usedtotreatdepression抗抑郁剂audi-hearing;soundaudiometry[ˏɔːdiˋɔmitri]:scienceoftestinghearing听力测验法，测听法auto-selfautoantibody[ˏɔːtəuˋæntiˏbɔdi]:antibodyformedtoattackthebody’sowncells自身抗体bi-two;twicebicellular[baiˋseljulə]:twocells两细胞的bio-livingorganisms生命体biochemistry[ˏbaiəuˋkemistri]:chemistrylivingtissues生物化学brady-slowbradycardia[ˏbrædiˋkɑːdiə]:slowrateofheartcontraction,shownbyaslowpulserate心动过缓，心搏徐缓carcin-carcinoma[ˏkɑːsiˋnəumə]orcancer癌；瘤carcinogen[ˋkɑːsinədʒen]:acancer-causingsubstance致癌物，致癌原cata-downwards;under;against;alongwithcataract[ˋkætərækt]:conditionwherethelens（晶状体）oftheeyegraduallybecomeshardandopaque（不透明的，不透光的）[əuˋpeik]白内障centi-onehundredth百分之一centimeter:unitofmeasurementoflength(=onehundredthofameter)厘米co(n)-withortogetherconsanguineous[ˏkɔnsæŋˋɡwiniəs]:bloodrelationship血亲的，同血缘的contra-againstcontraception[ˏkɔntrəˋsepʃn]:preventionofpregnancybyusingdevicesordrugs避孕，节育de-removalorlossdecaffeinated/diːˈkæfɪneɪtɪd/:(coffee)withthecaffeineremoved脱去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram[ˋdekəɡræm]:tengrams十克deci-tenthdeciliter[ˋdesiˏliːtə]:unitofmeasurementofliquid(=onetenthofalittle)1/10公升di-twodiglossia[ˏdaiˋɡlɔsiə]:adoubletongue使用两种语言dia-through;between;apart;acrossdiathermy[ˋdaiəˏθəːmi]:processof(treating)throughheat透热疗法，,电热疗法,透热法dis-reversalorseparatedisintegrate[disˈintigreit]:tocometopieces分解，分解，蜕变dys-bad;difficult;disordereddysarthrosis[ˏdisɑːˋθrəusis]:deformity[diˋfɔːmiti]（变形，畸形）ormalformation[ˏmælfɔːˋmeiʃən]（变形，畸形）ofajoint关节变形，构音障碍echo-soundechocardiography[ˏekəuˏkɑːdiˋɔɡrəfi]:ultrasonography[ˏʌltrəsəˋnɔɡrəfi]（超声波检查法,超声波扫描术）oftheheart超声心动描记术ect-/ecto-outsideorouterecchondroma[ˏekɔnˋdrəumə]:benigntumoronthesurfaceofcartilage（软骨）[ˋkɑːtilidʒ]orbone外生软骨瘤en-in;withinenostosis[ˏenɔsˋtəusis]:benigngrowthinsideabone内生骨疣endo-insideendocardium[ˏendəuˋkɑːdiəm]:membranewhichlinestheheart心内膜epi-on;overepidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮ery-rederythrocyte[iˋriθrəusait]:maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell红细胞，红血球eso-inward;within(向内)esotropia[ˏesəuˋtrəupiə]:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视eu-goodeugenics[juːˋdʒeniks]:studyofhowtoimprovethehumanracebygeneticselection优生学ex-/exo-outofexhale[eks'heɪl]:tobreathout呼出，排放extra-outsideextracapsular[ˏekstrəˋkæpsjulə]:outsideacapsule[ˋkæpsjuːl]（胶囊，囊，被膜）关节囊外的，囊外的hemi-halfhemiplegia[ˏhemiˋpliːdʒiə]:severeparalysisaffectingonesideofthebody偏瘫,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele[ˋhaidrəsiːl]:collectionofwateryliquidfoundinacavitysuchasthescrotum（肾囊,阴囊）[ˋskrəutəm]水囊肿,阴囊水囊肿,睾丸鞘膜积液hyper-higherortoomuchhyperglycaemia[ˌhʌɪpəglʌɪˈsiːmɪə]:excessofglucose[ˋɡluːkəus](葡萄糖)intheblood高血糖症hypo-lessortoolittlehypokalaemia[ˌhaipəkəˈli:miə]:deficiencyofpotassium（钾）[pəˋtæsjəm]intheblood低血钾in-inorintoinbreeding['inbri:diŋ]:breedingbetweenacloselyrelatedmaleandfemale近亲交配in-notincoherent[ˏinkəuˋhiərənt]:notabletospeakinawaywhichmakessense不连贯的infra-beloworbeneathinfrapatellar[ˏinfrəpəˋtelə]:beloworbeneaththepatella[pə'telə](膝盖骨;膝节;髌骨)髌下的inter-betweeninterlobular[ˏintəˋlɔbjulə]:betweenlobules(小叶的)['lɑbjuːl/'lɒb-]小叶间的intra-insideintramedullary[ˏintrəmeˋdʌləri]:insidethebonemarrow[ˋmærəu]（髓）orspinalcord（脊髓）髓内的itro-intointrovert[ˌintrəuˈvə:t]:personwhothinksonlyabouthimselfandhisownmentalstate内向性格者mal-badorabnormalmalfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan机能障碍，机能不良meta-changesmetaplasia[ˏmetəˋpleizjə]:changeofonetissuetoanother化生，转化，组织变形micro-verysmallmicrocyte[ˋmaikrəsait]:abnormallysmallredbloodcell小红细胞mid-middlemidcarpal[midˋdɑːpl]:betweenthetworowsofcarpal（腕骨的，腕骨）['kɑ:pəl]bones腕骨间的milli-onethousandthmilligram['mɪlɪgræm]:unitofmeasurementofweight毫克mis-errororwrongmiscarriage[mis'kæridʒ]:spontaneousabortion流产multi-manymultigravida[mʌlti'grævidə]:awomanwhoispregnantandhasbeenpregnantatleasttwicebefore经产孕妇noct-atnightnocturia[nɔk'tjuəriə]:passingabnormallylargequantityofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症nona-nineortheninethnonagon[ˈnɔnəɡən]:flatshapewhichhasninesides九边形octa-eightoctan['ɔktən]:everyeightdays每八日出现的发热,每八日再发的odont-teethodontology[ˏɔdɔnˋtɔlədʒi]:studyofteethandassociatedstructures,andtheirdisorders牙科学onco-tumoursoncology[ɔŋˋkɔlədʒi]:scientifics