音标基础知识

1TheABCofPhoneticSymbols音标基础知识编稿人：陈靖波校对：高一英语组（一）国际音标(phoneticsymbols)国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。语言学中，音标是记录音素的符号。音素分为元音音素(vowels)和辅音音素(consonants)。国际音标共48个，元音音素/音标20个，辅音音素/音标28个。国际音标发音表发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音叫辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。（二）音节(Syllable)音节是最小的发音单位。根据元音个数分为单音节、双音节、多音节。单词中发音特别响亮的音节叫重读音节。多音节中使用重音符号(')和次重音符号(,)。按照发音规律还可划分为开音节和闭音节。开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,these,bike,home,useb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,b)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant（三）辅音单个字母和字母组合发音规则1.p/p/2.b/b/3.t/t/4.d/d/5.c,k,ck/k/6.g/g/,/ʤ/7.f,ph/f/8.v/v/9.s,c/s/10.s/z/,/ʒ/11.z/z/12.sh/ʃ/13.th/θ/,/ð/14.ch,tch/ʧ/15.x/ks/16.tr/tr/17.dr/dr/18.ts/ts/19.ds/dz/20.l/l/21.m/m/22.n/n/23.n,ng/ŋ/24.w,wh/w/25.j,y/j/26.wh,h/h/27.r/r/28.qu/kw/发音练习：1.c/k/capcookclockcomecoldclosec/s/citycertainlyricepiecepencilnicerecycle2.g/g/girlgoodgodblogfoggraduateg/ʤ/orangelargevegetablechangegeographytechnology3.s/z/rosecloseashisbusynosepleases/s/busglassclasssistersithorsehouses/ʒ/usualpleasuretreasuremeasuretelevisions/ʃ/sure4.ch/ʧ/chickmuchchildwhicheachpeachChinach/k/schoolstomachchemistryheadachech/ʃ/machine5.tch/ʧ/watchmatch5.sh/ʃ/sheepshipEnglishshirtshoutshort6.th/θ/thickthinkthankmouthbirthdaythirteensouthth/ð/thisthesethosethatwithfatheranother7.ts/ts/kitesrabbitsshortsboots8.ds/dz/bedsbirdsfriendswoods29.tr/tr/treestreettractortrytriptrain10.dr/dr/drivedrivenhundreddressdriverdrink11.ng/ŋ/thinkthankthingpinkwrong12.wh/w/whywhatwhenwhatwhichwhenwhitewh/h/whowhose（四）元音单个字母和字母组合发音规则1.a/eI/cakemakelatersnakepaperbabyfacegamea/æ/applecatcapbaghatmapmatblackbacka/ɔ:/watera/ɒ/watchwashwantwhata/I/orangea/ǝ/Chinawomananotherbreakfastbananaa/a:/classglassaskbananadancelastfatherfasta/e/anymany2.e/i:/heweshemetheseChinesee/e/beddeskyeseggpenpencilleglet3.i/aI/bikekitelikedrivetimechildfindi/I/pigthissitdrinkmilkswimfishshipsister4.o/ǝʊ/gonosethosehomeclothesclosenoo/ɒ/dogclocklotboxfoxnotholidayo/ʌ/motherotherbrotheranothermonkeycomeloveo/ʊ/wolf5.u/ju:/usestudentcutedutyexcuseTuesdayu/ʌ/mugcutbutbusjumpmuchfuncupnutu/ʊ/putu/u:/rulerblueglueJunesuperu/I/busy6.y/aI/mywhyshyflyskytrybuybybyespyslyy/I/babycitywindysunnycloudyreadyhappyy/j/yellowyesyoyoyoung7.ea/i:/cleanseasonreadmealleafmeanseatspeakea/e/breadbreakfastweatherea/eI/great8.ee/i:/seemeetthreejeepqueenthirteensheepsweet9.ow/au/brownhowcowflowernowtownow/ǝʊ/blowgrowwindowsnowknowyellowrainbow10.ou/au/mouthhouseplaygroundcloudsoundaboutou/u:/groupsoupou/ʌ/youngcountryenough11.oa/ǝʊ/boatgoatraincoatroadgoal12.or/ɔ:/horsemoreforforkshortsNewYorkporkor/ɜ:/workwordworkerworldhomeworkor/ǝ/doctoractorfactorymirror13.aw/ɔ:/drawstrawberry14.oor/ɔ:/doorflooroor/ʊǝ/poor15.all/ɔ:/allwallfallcallsmallbasketballballtallal/ɔ:/talkwalkalwaysalso16.ir/ɜ:/birdgirlshirtskirtthirdfirstthirsty17.ur/ɜ:/turnnurseThursdaySaturdayfurreturn18.ear/ɜ:/learnearlyearthear/Iǝ/earhearnearclearyearear/eǝ/bearwearpearear/a:/heart19.er/ǝ/driverfingercomputerriversweatermatterweather20.our/au/ourhourflourour/ǝ/colourfavouriteour/ɔ:/fouryourcourseour/ʊǝ/tourtourist21.ai/eI/rainrainbowwaitrainye-mailstraightagainai/I/mountain22.ay/eI/daymaysaywayplaystayawayholidayay/I/SundayMondayTuesdayWednesday23.air/eǝ/airhairchairstairpairfair24.ere/eǝ/therewhereere/Iǝ/here25.eer/Iǝ/deercheerbeer26.oo/u:/foodschoolroomtoomoonnoonballooncooloo/u/foottookgoodlookcookbookclassroom27.ar/a:/cargardenparkfarfarmfarmerartsharkar/ɔ:/warm28.igh/aI/highnightlightmightfightright29.oy/ɔI/boytoy30.oi/ɔI/pointsoil31.au/ɔ:/autumndaughter32.ey/i:/keyey/I/monkeymoney