爱恩2016KXO325复习BY-ECHO

AIEN2016KXO325EchoSectionAWarehousingWarehousingWarehousingisthepartofthefirm’ssupplychainthatstoresproducts(rawmaterials,parts,goods-in-process,finishedgoods)atandbetweenpointsoforiginandpointsofconsumption.储存源点和销售点及之间的产品Providestimeandplaceutility时间和地点效用forrawmaterials,industrialgoods,andfinishedproducts,allowingorganizationstousecustomerserviceasadynamicvalue-addingcompetitivetool.使组织利用客户服务作为一种动态价值增值的工具Warehousingisnecessaryforthefollowingreasons(了解3个点):Achievetransportationeconomiesandconsolidation达到运输节约与整合Maintainasourceofsupply维持供应来源Meetchangingmarketconditions,suchasseasonality,demandfluctuations,andcompetition–i.e.storedgoodsactasbuffer满足变化的市场情况：季节性变化、需求波动、竞争等–例如：储存货物作为缓冲TakeadvantageofquantitypurchasediscountsandforwardbuysSupportthecompany’scustomerservicepoliciesOvercomethetimeandspacedifferentialsthatexistbetweenproducersandcustomersThreebasicfunctionsforwarehousing*Movement运作(InternalWarehouseFunctions*:materialshandling物料搬运):Receiving接收(Inboundprocesses):(~10%ofwarehouseoperatingcosts),thecollectionofactivitiesinvolvedin:Theorderlyreceiptofallmaterialscomingintothewarehouse;有序的收据Providingtheassurancethatthequantityandqualityofsuchmaterialsareasordered;保证物料有序摆放Disbursingmaterialstostorageortootherorganizationalfunctionsrequiringthem支出Put-away上架/放置(Inboundprocesses):(~15%ofwarehouseoperatingcosts),theactofplacingmerchandisetostorage;itincludes:Determiningandregisteringtheactualstoragelocation(s)决定与登记确切储存地址Transportationfromdockingbaytoshelf从停靠站到货架的运输Placementontheshelf货架上的布置AIEN2016KXO325EchoOrderPicking指令拣选(Outboundprocesses):(typicallydonebythewarehousemanagementsystemofthefacility).Theseactivitiesinclude:Checkingthattherequestedmaterialisavailabletoship确认指定物料可以被运送Ifnecessary,coordinatingorderfulfillmentwithotherfacilitiesofthedistributionnetwork与其他分配网点协调订单执行Producingthe“pick”liststoguidetheorderpickingandthenecessaryshippingdocumentation作拣选指导列表以及必需船舶文档Schedulingtheorderpickingandtheshippingactivity合理安排订单拣选和运送活动日程Shipping运送Storage储存(InternalWarehouseFunctions*:inventoryholding):Holding堆存：保护货物及整齐堆放产品；克服商品产销在时间上的隔离（如季节生产，但需全年消费的大米）；克服商品生产在地点上的隔离（如甲地生产，乙地销售）；克服商品产销量的不平衡（如供过于求）等来保证商品流通过程的连续性Holdingofinventories库存持有Lengthoftimetoholdgoodsinfluencesfacilitydesign持有货物的时间长度会影响设施设计Breakbulk分类、卸货Oppositeofconsolidating;volumeshipmentshavinglowtransportratesaremovedtowarehouseandreshippedintosmallerquantities与合并相反，大量拥有低运输率的货物被移动到仓库以及分为小数量再装船Importantwheninboundtransportationratesperunitislessthanoutboundperunitrates(customerorderlessthantruckloadi.e.LTL)在单位进港运输率低于出港运输率是显得尤为重要（客户订单少于火车荷载lessthantruckload）Consolidationandmixing合并存货和混装存货Informationtransfer信息传递:Documentation,records,etc.AIEN2016KXO325EchoPublicWarehousing公共仓库AdvantagesDisadvantagesRequiresnocapitalinvestment–rentspaceasneeded不需要进行资本投资Suitedtonon-experts(otherpartyhasresponsibilityforpersonneldecisionstoregulatoryknowledgee.g.OH&S)适用于非专家Increasedlocationalflexibility(goodifenteringnewmarkets)仓储地点灵活性Potentialvalue-addingservicese.g.breakingbulkforretailers&shrinkwrapping潜在的价值增值服务（整批拆售&收缩包装）Lackofcontroloverproductstoragee.g.spaceavailabilityforaparticularuser缺少对产品储存的控制Usersmayhavelittlesayinwheregoodsarestored–placedwherespaceisavailable企业对货物储存仅有较少发言权Inventorydistributedthroughoutfacility库存分散Facilityhaslimitedorcontrolledoperatinghours仓库运营时间有限或受约束PrivateWarehousing自用仓库AdvantagesDisadvantagesAssumingsufficientdemandvolumeandstability,offershighcontroloveruserstorageneeds假设充足的需求量和稳定性，提供对用户储存需求的高度控制Constructedtouserspecifications构造用户说明Usercontrolsproductstoragelocation用户控制产品储存定点Accesstoproductswhenrequired(flexibleoperatinghours)需要时就可拿到产品（弹性的运营时间）Highfixedcostsrecoupedacrosshighvolumesofgoods高固定成本通过高货物量回收Feasiblewhendemandpatternsrelativelystable–fluctuatingdemandcouldleadtoinsufficientstoragespace(requiringpublicwarehousingasbackup)当需求模式相对稳定-波动需求导致储存空间不足时可行Excesscapacitywillcostmoneyaswell超额存储也会带来资金消耗(一百万的仓库价格属于capitalinvestment，不属于highfixedcosts。后者包括仓库的其他费用比如员工工资，维护之类)CharacteristicsAffectingtheOwnershipDecision影响决定的特征OrganisationcharacteristicsPrivatePublicThroughputvolume生产量HighLowDemandvariability需求不确定性StableFluctuatingMarketdensity市场密度HighLowSpecialphysicalcontrol特殊的物理控制YesNoCustomerservicerequirements顾客服务要求HighLowSecurityrequirements安全性要求HighLowMultipleuseneeded多种使用需要YesNoAIEN2016KXO325EchoContractWarehousing合同仓储Contractwarehousing(3PLwarehousing第三方物流)isalong-termarrangementprovidinguniquewarehousingservicestooneclientBothvendorandclientsharetherisksassociatedwithwarehousing双方共同承担仓储风险Lesscostlythanprivatewarehousingandcostlierpublicwarehousing比自用仓库便宜，比公共仓库贵Warehousesemphasizethestorageofproducts,andtheirprimarypurposeistomaximizetheusageofavailablestoragespace.Incontrast,distributioncentersemphasizetherapidmovementofproductsthroughafacility,andthusattempttomaximizethroughput(theamountofproductenteringandleavingafacilityinagiventimeperiod).仓储强调产品的储存，其主要目的是使产品可用的储存空间利用率最大化，而配送中心则相对强调产品流经某个设施时快速移动。配送中心的主要目的是使吞吐量最大化。GloballogisticsTheGlobalLogisticsEnvironment(了解不同（图里的词），选一个展开)AIEN2016KXO325EchoGlobalBusin