语法专项突破语法专项六动词及动词短语一、动词的分类知识必备二、常用动词短语及其构成1.不及物动词+副词“不及物动词+副词”结构在句中直接作谓语,其后不加任何宾语。常见的此类副词有away,along,back,down,in,off,on,out,up等。breakout爆发breakdown坏掉,失败,(精神、身体等)垮掉comeup(计划、建议等)被提出goon继续growup长大holdon坚持,等一会lookahead向前看passaway去世runout(时间、物品)被用光startoff出发stayup熬夜watchout当心waitup不睡觉,等候wakeup醒来2.不及物动词+介词“不及物动词+介词”结构后需带宾语。常见的此类介词有for,about,over,after,into,at,to,on,across,with等。accountfor作出解释,说明breakinto破门而入callfor去叫(人),需要,呼吁carefor喜欢,关心careabout在乎comeacross偶然碰到dealwith处理,对付getover克服goabout着手做laughat嘲笑lookafter照顾lookinto调查runinto碰到,偶然遇上standfor代表stickto坚持waitfor等候waiton伺候3.及物动词+副词“及物动词十副词”结构有的必须加宾语,宾语如果是人称代词的宾格形式(如:it,them,us,me,you,him,her等),需将其放在动词和副词中间;如果是名词或nothing,everything等代词时,可以放在动词和副词中间,也可以放在副词后面。有的不能加宾语,相当于一个不及物动词。addup加起来breakoff折断,中止bringin引进,赚取bringup抚养,提出,呕吐calloff中止,叫停carryout实施,执行drinkup喝光findout查明,查出getin收割giveaway暴露,捐赠holdup举起,阻止,抢劫pointout指出,指明putoff推迟puton穿上,上演putout使熄灭putup举起,张贴pickup捡起,接某人,加快takeoff起飞takedown声音调小,拒绝turnin上交turnup出现,找到wearout磨损,使筋疲力尽workout计算出accountfor解释figureout计算出4.动词+副词+介词getawayfrom逃离getalongwith进展getawaywith逃脱处罚getdownto开始认真做getthroughto与……通话keepawayfrom远离keepupwith与……保持同步keeponwith继续做liveupto不辜负lookdownupon/on瞧不起lookforwardto盼望lookoutfor警惕makeupfor弥补settledownto开始做某事runoutof用光putupwith容忍comeupwith提出goinfor喜欢holdonto抓住lookaboutfor到处寻找5.动词+名词makesense讲得通makethebed整理床铺makeabet打赌makeabow鞠躬makefaces扮鬼脸makefashion做样子losecourage丧失勇气loseheart灰心loseinterest失去兴趣losepatience失去耐心loseweight减肥takeaction采取行动takeadvice征求意见takeaim瞄准takebreath歇口气takecare当心takecharge看管takeone'stime慢慢来takecourage奋勇takeeffect生效takeexercise做运动takeplace发生takepower取得政权takeoffice就职6.动词+名词+介词makecontributionsto对……作出贡献makefriendswith与……交朋友makefunof取笑makepeacewith与……讲和makepreparationsfor为……作好准备makeprogressin在……取得进步makeroomfor为……腾出空makesenseof理解,弄明白makewayfor让路给makeuseof利用takeadvantageof利用takecareof照顾takechargeof负责,看管takecommandof开始控制takedelightin乐于takeholdof握住takenoticeof注意到takepartin参加takepridein以……为自豪7.动词+介词+名词bring...toanend使……结束bring...undercontrol使……在掌控下have...inmind牢记keep...inmind牢记keep...intouch使保持联系bear...inmind牢记put...atease使……放松put...intoeffect使……生效learn...byheart背熟know...byheart熟记take...bysurprise使吓一跳set...onfire点火烧take...intoaccount把……考虑在内take...intoconsideration把……考虑在内8.带宾语的动词短语burstintotears突然大哭起来comeintobeing形成comeintopower执政comeintouse开始被运用cometothepoint言归正传comeintoeffect生效gotobed上床睡觉fallintopieces崩溃putonweight长胖stay/keepintouch保持着联系getintouch取得联系1.加大词汇积累,正确理解词义。英语中动词的词义丰富,用法灵活,不易掌握。平时要进行大量阅读,在阅读中理解动词及动词词组的新意义。在平时学习中,要领悟动词的意义和用法,要特别注意一些最常用的词汇,如get,make,have,take等和一些难分辨的同义词、近义词和形近词或短语,更要集中突破,加强记忆,扩大词汇量。如:技巧点拨Mrs.Brownalwaystoldherchildrentobegood,warningthemto________trouble.A.liveuptoB.keepoutofC.putupwithD.takepartin解析:句意:布朗夫人总是告诉孩子们要做好孩子,警告他们要远离麻烦。keepoutof“避免,不卷入”,符合句意。liveupto“不辜负”;putupwith“容忍”;takepartin“参加”。答案:B2.体会英语语境,准确辨析词义。单项填空对动词的考查是在语境中考查词义辨析,特别是同义词和近义词的辨析。这些选项从汉语翻译上看可能是同义词或近义词,但其英语含义不同,而且可能有不同的习惯搭配。因此做动词词义辨析题目时不能根据选项的汉语字面意义选择答案。同时,要注意对动词的一词多义和熟词生义的归纳。如:(2013·浙江白鹭洲中学月考)Histeamlostthegameyesterday,and,ascaptain,hefelthe________histeammates.A.affordedB.failedC.damagedD.fell解析:fail使失望。句意:昨天他的队输掉了比赛,作为队长,他感到他使队友失望了。afford负担得起;damage损害;fall降落。答案:B温示提馨请做:课时做业(46)(点击进入)