新目标英语八年级复习课件-句子的种类

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英语初三三.感叹句定义:表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情使用感叹句,感叹句分为两种:一种以what引导,一种以how引导,句中主谓语是陈述语序,句末用感叹号,用降调读。如:1).Whatakindgirlsheis!2).Howcleverthechildis!3).Hownicesheis!4).Whatafinedayitis!一、What引导的感叹句句型:What+(a)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语如:1).Whatanhonestboyheis!2).Whatbigapplesthoseare!3).Whatbadweatheritis!How引导的感叹句句型:How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语…如:1).Howbeautifulthecitylooks!2).Howfasttheboyran!3).Howhardheworks!另外:如果how修饰动词,动词不提前,句型为:How+主语+谓语!如:1)Howthetimeflies!2)HowIlikemywork!3)Howtherainfell!感叹句在表示激动的感情时,常将主语和谓语省去。这种句型有:How+形容词!或What+(a)+名词!例如:1)Whatapity(itis)!2)Howwonderful(itis)!3)Whatanidea(itis)!4)Howtired(heis)!如果表示一种强烈的感情,可在句尾加感叹号:1)Heworkssohard!2)That’sagoodidea!3)Dostaywithus!4)Heissuchagoodboy!有时也用一个单词或词组来表示强烈的感情:1)Wonderful!2)Welldone!3)Agoodidea!以there,here引起的感叹句:Hereitcomes!Thereheis!Exercises:1._____badweatheritis!A.WhatB.WhatC.HowD.HowaA2.Wudongjumpsveryhigh._____highWudong_______!HowjumpsHow+副词(+主语+谓语)3.____themooncakesare!(97-南京)A.HowdeliciousB.HowadeliciousC.WhatdeliciousD.WhatadeliciousA4.It’saveryinterestingfilm.98-甘肃__________________filmitis!WhataninterestingWhata\an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!How+形容词(+主语+谓语)5.____thickice!Wouldyouliketogoskating?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.HowaAWhat+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!6.____beautifulflowerstheyare!A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.WhataBWhat(+形容词)+复数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!四.疑问句英语中的疑问句一般分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。一般疑问句定义:不用疑问词,用Yes或No回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句,用升调读。根据一般疑问句谓语动词的特征,可归纳为以下几种:(一)谓语动词是be动词或是+be+其他动词形式的一般疑问句句型:Be+主语……?例:1).Isyourfatherangry?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.2).Arethereanyfruitsinthefridge?Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.3).Werethetwinscryinglastnight?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.(二)谓语动词是情态动词+动词原形或havedone的一般疑问句。句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形或havedone……?如:1)Cantheysmokeintheoffice?Yes,theycan.No,theycan’t.2)MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeIgohome?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.(三)谓语动词是实义动词的一般疑问句。句型为:Do(Does,Did)+主语+动词原形…?如:DoyouhaveanyclassesonSaturdays?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.DoesMrGreengotoworkeveryday?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.(四)谓语动词是助动词have(has,had)+过去分词的一般疑问句。句型:Have(Has,Had)+主语+过去分词……?如:1).Haveyouworkedheresince1980?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.2).HasLindavisitedyourplacerecently?Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.二、特殊疑问句用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。回答时不能用Yes或No,句末用降调。可以把疑问词分为三类:疑问代词:what,who,which,whose,whom疑问副词:when,where,why,how疑问形容词:what(which,whose)+名词1.Who_____thedoor?Tom______.97-山东A.broke,brokeB.broke,didC.breaks,breaksD.breaks,doB2.哪个男孩跑的最快?•Whichboydoesrunthefastest?•Whichboyrunthefastest?•Whichboyrunsthefastest?•Doeswhichboyrunthefastest?C3.____isshe?sheisateacher.A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.WhereA4.Howisyourmother?--____________A.Verywell,thankyouB.She’sanurseC.That’salltightD.She’sathomeA4.___doyouwritetoRose?--Twiceamonth.A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.HowlongB5.____isthepopulationofFrance?A.WhichB.HowmuchC.WhatD.HowmanyC三、选择疑问句表示两种或两种以上的情况选择,并作一种选择回答,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句,句末用降调。两种选择用or来连接,回答不用Yes或No。选择疑问句可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。(一)一般选择疑问句句型:一般选择疑问句+or+另一个选择情况?Doyouhaveabrotherorasister?AreyoufromEnglishorAmerica?Didyousingordanceattheparty?(二)特殊选择疑问句句型:特殊疑问句,AorB?1).Whichisbigger,ShanghaiorNewYork?2)WhenareyougoingtoBeijing,todayortomorrow?Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk?96-江西A.butB.andC.orD.withC四、反意疑问句在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句,这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句一般由意思相反的两部分组成,前面主句用肯定式,后面简短反问要用简略否定式。反之,前面句子用否定式,后面须用肯定式。反意疑问句分为三类:(一)陈述句(肯定式)+疑问部分(否定式)be动词和实义动作词主句的谓语的反意疑问句。be动词作谓语的反问句型:……,isn’t(aren’t)+主语?……,wasn’t(weren’t)+主语?实义动词作谓语的反问句题:……,doesn’t(don’t)+主语……,didn’t+主语?1).Thispencilisyours,isn’tit?2).Thatwasawonderfulparty,wasn’tit?3).YourclassmatehelpsyouwithyourEnglish,doesn’the?4).Thewomenworkinthefactory,don’tthey?注意:1)must表猜测时的反意疑问句,后面的简短反问通常用must后的动词进行反问。如:Shemustbeateacher,isn’tshe?MrSmithmusthavecomehere,haven’the?2)谓语含有haveto,hasto,hadto时的反意疑问句;疑问部分要用do的适当形式。如:wehavetodoourhomeworkeveryday,don’twe?Theworkershadtotakeabus,didn’tthey?have(has,had)作实义动词,表示“有”时,其后的反问用助动词do(does,did)的否定式或have(has,had)的否定式都可以,但表示如“经历、吃、开会”等含义时,其后反问只用do的形式表达。如:1).Hehasalotofworktodo,hasn’the?=Hehasalotofworktodo,doesn’the?2).Shehaslunchatschool,doesn’tshe?第2)句的反问就不能改为hasn’tshe?(二)陈述句(否定式)+疑问部分(肯定式)这种反意疑问句的结构和第一种类型一样,只是颠倒一下肯定式和否定式的位置。但是要注意其回答和汉语习惯不一样,如果答语是肯定的,就必须用“Yes+肯定结构。”,如果答语是否定的,就必须用“No+否定结构。”如:1)Theydon’tspeakChinese,dothey?-----Yes,theydo(不,他们说)No,theydon’t(是的,他们不说)2)Shehasn’tbeentoChina,hasshe?----Yes,shehas(不,她去过)No,shehasn’t(是的,她没去过)(三)其他类型的反意疑问句。注意:祈使句的反意疑问句1、肯定的祈使句后的反问形式常用willyou?间或也用否定形式,但是人们普遍认为否定形式比较粗鲁。如:1).Givemeahand,willyou?2).Openthewindows,willyou?在“let’sdosth”祈使句后的反问形式常用。Shallwe?有时也用shan’twe?但Letus(me……)后的反问形式用willyou?有时也用won’tyou?如:1).Let’shavearest,shallwe?2).Letusplaygames,willyou?Exercises:1.Don’tforgettogivePollysomefood,____?96-安徽A.ShallweB.doyouC.don’tyouD.willyouD2.Let’sputthesebooksinthedesk,___________?3.Letuslookatyourphoto,___________?shallwewillyou陈述部分含有除not以外的否定词的反意疑问句这类词常见的有:never,no,seldom,hardly,few,little,nobodynoone,nothing,neither等,其后疑问部分要用肯定式。如:YouneverwatchTV,doyou?Fewpeopleunderstandme,dothey?Sheseldomgoesbackhome,doesshe?Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,_________?96-上海改为反意疑问句?couldtheyTherebe结构的反意疑问句1).Thereisnothingseriouswithit,isthere?2).Therewon’tbeanymeetingnextweek,willthere?复合句的反意疑问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