民营企业人力资源管理问题及对策研究

题目：民营企业人力资源管理问题及对策研究摘要随着中国市场经济的不断深化，企业竞争日趋激烈，人力资源作为最具活力、最具发展前景、最具收益的战略资源，成为企业参与竞争和谋求发展的主导因素。人力资源是企业最重要的竞争资源。本文通过定量调查、定性分析等方式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资源管理问题进行了调查分析，认为民营企业在人力资源管理方面仍处于传统人事管理阶段，人力资源管理机构定位低，对培训投入严重不足，且缺乏有效的激励机制。导致的原因有民营企业对人力资源管理重视程度不够，加上受传统中国人情关系的影响，人力资源管理的目标不清，各种管理手段效果不佳。且民营企业生产部门效率不高、不能及时补充货源，销售部门应收帐款回收情况不理想等问题都可以归结到人力资源管理中去解决。要解决这一问题，不仅要提高认识，而且要不断完善人力资源管理体系，在员工激励、人员配置和企业文化建设等方面下功夫。关键词：民营企业；人力资源管理；问题分析；建议中文摘要II目录1引言········································································································12民营企业人力资源管理相关概念························································22.1民营企业概念与特点·············································································22.2人力资源管理的定义及其内容·······························································33民营企业加强人力资源管理的必要性················································43.1人力资源管理的一般作用······································································43.2民营企业的经营规模和人员规模不断扩大··············································43.3加强人力资源管理有助于提高民营企业的竞争力···································43.4人力资源管理能够提高员工的工作绩效·················································54民营企业人力资源管理案例分析························································64.1A公司创业及发展历史··········································································64.2A公司人力资源管理现状·······································································74.2.1人力资源管理职能挂在总经理办公室························································74.2.2人力资源制度分散在各岗位制度中···························································74.2.3有较为明确的薪酬奖励体系····································································74.3A公司人力资源管理问题及原因····························································74.3.1民营企业管理者自身素质和观念问题························································74.3.2缺乏人力资源的战略规划·······································································84.3.3机构设置不到位，缺乏专业的人力资源管理者···········································84.3.4企业薪酬激励约束制度不到位·································································84.3.5民营企业的人员流失严重并缺乏控制························································94.3.6家族式管理模式使人力资源获取存在封闭性···············································94.3.7对职位没有进行详细的工作分析·····························································105民营企业走出人力资源管理困境的对策···········································105.1制定人力资源规划，形成有效的人才梯队·············································105.1.1制定人力资源规划···············································································10目录III5.1.2形成有效的人才梯队············································································115.2内部招聘与外部招聘结合的招聘方式···················································115.3实施现代人力资源管理方案·································································125.2.1人力资源规范化管理——3P模式····························································125.2.2对管理人员实行年薪制·········································································135.4民营企业管理资源不足，可实施人事外包·············································145.5建立富有凝聚力的企业文化·································································14结论·······································································································16致谢·······································································································17参考文献···································································································18湖南科技大学学生毕业设计（论文）11引言改革开放以来，我国各行各业都涌现出了一大批“风光一时”的企业和企业家。但随着大批企业在发展过程中在经济现象中走出“倒U曲线”，一批又一批的企业家也就随风而逝。从整体看，民营企业的发展状况比国营企业在许多方面甚至还要艰难些，很多企业都呈现出“昙花一现，步履维艰”的现象。进入知识经济时代后，我国的企业迫切需要高素质的人力资源。但是企业自产生时就由于各种历史原因导致企业本身先天不足，而在其发展中又由于低水平的管理模式，落后的人才观念，不完善的薪酬制度，缺乏沟通与交流，忽视员工的学习、培训及人才自身事业的发展和职业生涯规划，还有企业主的人格缺陷等使得企业的发展受困于自身的“人才陷阱”。即一方面急需高素质的人才，另一方面在得到高素质的人才后很难凭着有效的人力资源管理在较长时间内留住人才，并发挥其最大潜能。民营企业独具的灵活性和创新性，使其无论是在企业数量还是提供就业机会上都对我国的国民经济作出了重要的贡献，在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位。尽管民营企业在如此环境中不断发展壮大，为社会稳定、经济发展作出了不可忽视的贡献，但由于其自身的、历史的原因，在发展的过程中急需规范管理。目前我国有很大一部分民营企业在人力资源方面存在众多的问题，没有建立起真正意义上的人力资源战略体系。据统计GDP的50%以上，社会就业岗位的70%以上都来自民营民营企业。而据对民营企业调查，被问到制约企业发展最重要的资源时，63%企业主认为是融资，47%回答是产品销售，38%认为是市场开拓，只有33%的企业主将人才和提高内部人力资源放在迫切需要解决议程上。这种人力资源管理上的滞后已经成为制约民营企业成长和发展的重大难题。通过定量调查、定性分析等方式对浙江民营企业的人员招聘、培训、薪酬管理、绩效考核、激励措施等人力资源管理问题进行了调查分析，为浙江民营企业的人力资源管理研究进行有益的探索。湖南科技大学学生毕业设计（论文）22民营企业人力资源管理相关概念2.1民营企业概念与特点所有的非公有制企业均被统称为民营企业。这是现在对民营企业最普遍的定义。但不同的学者对民营企业还有很多他们自己的看法：何芳英（2001）认为民营企业是指个体、私营企业、自然人和私营企业控股或由其运营的各种组织形式的企业，而民营经济广义地讲即为各类民营企业的统称，狭义地讲指个体、私营等非公有制企业①。《民营企业家研究》课题组（2001）认为民营企业一般是指非公有制企业。个体经济属于非公有制经济成份，但个体户称不上是企业，因此狭义的民营企业往往就是指私营企业②。邹家华（2002）认为民营企业是指由非政府投资创办的企业由国有民营和民有民营两部分组成一部分是资产所有权与经营权分离，另一部分为资产所有权归企业或创办者和投资者所有③。欧阳山尧（2005）认为民营企业是指民间私人投资、经营、享受投资收益和承担经营风险的法人经济实体④。华大万（2001）认为所谓民营企业，就是指区别于政府投资的集体企业、私营企业、个体企业、股份合作制企业、乡镇企业，此外，还包括股份制企业中国家不控股的企业，“三资”企业中国家不控股的企业⑤。对民营企业的界定国内著名经济学家厉以宁也提出了自己的观点，民营经济是一个相对模糊的概念，各种不同所有制的企业都包括在内。根据目前国内的具体情况，民营企业至少包括以下六类企业：①个体工商户；②个人、家庭或家族所有的企业；③个人、家庭或家族所有制的企业通过改制而形成的股份制企业；④通过国有资产重组而形成的，既有国家投资，又有个人、家庭或家族投资的企业；⑤合伙制企业；⑥由公众集资而建立的企业。基于以上学者的分析，我认为民营企业是指个体、私营企业，自然人和私营企业控股或由其运营的各种组织形式的企业。包括个体、私营企业，乡镇企业，三资企业，国有民营、公有私营企业等组成。当今社会民营企业有着前所未有的社会地位。从我国民营企业成长发展过程来看，呈