Grammar1Adverbialclauseofcondition引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如:如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.if1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.其他可引导条件状语从句的连词:1.unlessconj.除非,若不,除非在…的时候Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。1)Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.Wecan’twritetoMaryifshedoesn’ttellusheraddress.2.oncondition(that)...在……条件下,如果;oncondition(that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。Youcangoswimmingoncondition(that)youdon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。3.supposingconj.如果,假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?4.providedconj.假如,除非,以……为条件provided(that)+从句表示一种假设条件。Hewillsignthecontractprovidedweoffermorefavorableterms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。另外还有incase(如果,万一),as/solongas(只要)Incaseitrains,donotexpectme.如若下雨,就不要等我了。Aslongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.只要你答应,我就等你来。从上述例句可以看出if,unless,oncondition(that),supposing,provided等词引导的条件状语从句,主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。但有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如butfor,without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件常常是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。如:butfor若非,要不是Butfortherain,weshouldhaveapleasantjourney.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。Butforyourhelp,weshouldnothavefinishedintime.要不是你帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务。1.Ifyou____acake,yourhost______verypleased.(take,be)2.Unlesstheweather___better,I_______athome.(get,stay)3.He____homeearlyifhe__________well.(go,notfeel)takewillbegetswillstaygoesdoesn’tfeelIfIseeherI’llinvitehertotheparty.(see,invite)Exercises4.What____I__ifthey___aboutpolitics?(do,talk)5.Ifyou____yourhand,thetaxi_______.(raise,stop)6.I__________anythingunlesshe____me.(notstay,ask)raisewillstopwillnotsayasksshalldotalkSummary问题1:1、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname____itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.(2000全国)A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough2、Itisknowntoallthat_____youexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.(05重庆卷)A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.ifCAunless相当于ifnot,意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。问题2:1、_____Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.(04北京春季)A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctor’s________Ihavetowait.(05全国卷3)A.incaseB.sothatC.inorderD.asifBAaslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句,aslongas表示“只要…”,asfaras表示“就…而论(而言)”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”,根据题2的句意,不难作出选择。种类从属连词例句说明让步状语从句thoughalthoughAlthough(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.虽然他六十多岁了,但仍开始学习法语。Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.虽然我们干了一天活,但并不累.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”(but)但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同,用法基本一样,前者通俗,口语化,后者正式多放主句的前面。evenifeventhoughI’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨,我也要去。evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。种类从属连词例句说明让步状语从句asChildasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他是一个孩子,但他懂得很多。Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。as引出的状语从句多用于书面语,它比用though或although引导的从句,语气强,更有表现力,从句常放在句首,语序部分倒装。nomatter(who,whatwhen,wherewhich,how…)Doitnomatterwhatotherssay.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.不管他多忙,他都每天坚持学习英语。Nomatterwhotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.不管谁为我处理这件事,我都将非常感激。nomatter……与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,nomatter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。wh-ever(whateverwhoeverwheneverWhicheverhowever)Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.无论发生什么,我们都不要失去信心。Whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.无论谁来,都会受到欢迎。wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是,名词性从句,主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任,一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将nomatter与wh—ever连用Summary问题1:1、_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.(04江苏)A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2、Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____theyaredifferentfromyourown.(05湖南卷)(B)A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthoughABwhile是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。evenif等于eventhough,表示“即使、尽管”。asthough等于asif,引导方式状语从句,表示“好像、似乎”。问题2:1、Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,___difficultitwas.(05天津卷)A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverDalthough2、Theoldtowermustbesaved,______thecost.(05浙江)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whereverABnomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别:nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。如:Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,Nomatterwh-不能。如:WhateverIcandoforyouwillbenothingbutpayingadebt.Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome