J.D.Salinger

Jerome.David.Salinger（1919-2010）Madeby李嘉雪唐玉婷吴蓓静李璞曦曹驿心（15班）Introduction•AsanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter,Salingerpublishedonenovelandseveralshortstorycollectionsbetween1948-1959.•In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.•Salingerhadhisfirstshortstorypublishedin1940;hecontinuedtowriteashejoinedthearmyandfoughtinEuropeduringWorldWarII.1LifeExperience2MajorWorks3TheCatcherinTheRye4LiteraryStyleAndThemes5InfluenceLifeExperience•BorninNewYorkCityin1919.•ThesonofaJewishwealthycheeseimporter,SalingergrewupinafashionableneighborhoodinManhattanandspenthisyouthbeingshuttledbetweenvariousprepschoolsbeforehisparentsfinallysettledontheValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyin1934.HisfamilyHispaternalgrandfather,Simon,borninLithuania,wasatonetimetherabbifortheAdathJeshuruncongregationinLouisville,Kentucky.Hismother,Marie,wasborninAtlantic,Iowa(美国衣阿华州）,ofScottish,GermanandIrishdescent.Hisfather,SolSalinger,soldkosher(犹太洁食认证的）cheese.HisonlysiblingwashisoldersisterDoris(1911–2001).Earlylife•TheyoungSalingerattendedpublicschoolsontheWestSideofManhattan,thenin1932,thefamilymovedtoParkAvenueandSalingerwasenrolledattheMcBurneySchool,aprivateschoolinManhattan.In1933hisparentsenrolledhimintoValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyinWayne,Pennsylvania,wherehegraduatedin1936.AtValleyForge,Salingerwastheliteraryeditoroftheclassyearbook,CrossSabres.•HestartedhisfreshmanyearatNewYorkUniversityin1936,andconsideredstudyingspecialeducation,butdroppedoutthefollowingspring.•Thatfall,hisfatherurgedhimtolearnaboutthemeat-importingbusinessandhewenttoworkatacompanyinVienna,Austria.•HeleftAustriaonlyamonthbeforeitwasannexedbyNaziGermanyonMarch12,1938.HeattendedUrsinusCollegeinthefallof1938inCollegeville,Pennsylvaniaanddroppedoutafteronesemester.In1939,SalingerattendedaColumbiaUniversityeveningwritingclasstaughtbyWhitBurnett,longtimeeditorofStorymagazine.Salinger'sdebutshortstorywaspublishedinthemagazine'sMarch–April1940issue.BurnettbecameSalinger'smentor,andtheycorrespondedforseveralyears.WorldWarII•Inlate1941,SalingerbrieflyworkedonaCaribbeancruiseship,servingasanactivitydirectorandpossiblyasaperformer.•Thesameyear,SalingerbegansubmittingshortstoriestoTheNewYorker.SevenofSalinger'sstorieswererejectedbythemagazinethatyear,includingLunchforThree,MonologueforaWateryHighball,andIWenttoSchoolwithAdolfHitler•Salingerwasassignedtoacounter-intelligencedivision,whereheusedhisproficiencyinFrenchandGermantointerrogateprisonersofwar.Hewasalsoamongthefirstsoldierstoenteraliberatedconcentrationcamp（解放集中营）.SalingerearnedtherankofStaffSergeantandservedinfivecampaigns.Salinger'sexperiencesinthewaraffectedhimemotionally.Salingercontinuedtowritewhileservinginthearmy,andpublishedseveralstoriesinslickmagazinessuchasCollier'sandTheSaturdayEveningPost.HealsocontinuedtosubmitstoriestoTheNewYorker,butwithlittlesuccess;itrejectedallofhissubmissionsfrom1944to1946,andin1945rejectedagroupof15poems.Post-waryears•AfterGermany'sdefeat,Salingersignedupforasix-monthperiodofDenazificationdutyinGermanyfortheCounterintelligenceCorps.HelivedinWeissenburgand,soonafter,marriedawomannamedSylviaWelter.HebroughthertotheUnitedStatesinApril1946,butthemarriagefellapartaftereightmonthsandSylviareturnedtoGermany.Yearslater,in1972,Salinger'sdaughterMargaretwaswithhimwhenhereceivedaletterfromSylvia.Helookedattheenvelope,andwithoutreadingit,toreitapart.Itwasthefirsttimehehadheardfromhersincethebreakup,butasMargaretputit,whenhewasfinishedwithaperson,hewasthroughwiththem.•In1946,WhitBurnettagreedtohelpSalingerpublishacollectionofhisshortstoriesthroughStoryPress'sLippincottImprint.Bythelate1940s,SalingerhadbecomeanavidfollowerofZenBuddhism,tothepointthathegavereadinglistsonthesubjecttohisdatesandarrangedameetingwithBuddhistscholarD.T.Suzuki.In1948,hesubmittedashortstorytitledAPerfectDayforBananafishtoTheNewYorker.Themagazinewassoimpressedwiththesingularqualityofthestorythatitseditorsaccepteditforpublicationimmediately,andsignedSalingertoacontractthatallowedthemrightoffirstrefusalonanyfuturestories.In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.MajorWorksLong-lengthnovel:TheCatcherintheRye(1951)Short-lengthnovel:APerfectDayforBananafish(1948)《香蕉鱼的好日子》NineStories(1953)《九篇故事》Franny(1955)《弗兰妮》Zooey(1957)《祖伊》Seymour:AnIntroduction(1959)《西摩：小传》Middle-lengthnovel:FrannyandZooey(1961)《弗兰妮和祖伊》RaiseHightheRoofBeam,Carpenters(1963)《木匠们，把屋梁升高》Literarystyleandthemes•Inacontributor'snoteSalingergavetoHarper'sMagazinein1946,hewrote:Ialmostalwayswriteaboutveryyoungpeople,astatementwhichhasbeenreferredtoashiscredo.AdolescentsarefeaturedorappearinallofSalinger'swork,fromhisfirstpublishedshortstory.•Salinger'slanguage,especiallyhisenergetic,realisticallysparsedialogue,wasrevolutionaryatthetimehisfirststorieswerepublished,andwasseenbyseveralcriticsasthemostdistinguishingthingabouthiswork.•Salingeridentifiedcloselywithhischaracters,andusedtechniquessuchasinteriormonologue,letters,andextendedtelephonecallstodisplayhisg