高中英语选修8-unit3-inventors-and-inventions-Reading

Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend,experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentry.——ThomasAlvaEdison如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。——爱迪生ThomasEdisoninventedtheelectricbulb.Whyaretheyfamous?Whyaretheyfamous?IssacNewtondiscoveredgravityWhyaretheyfamous?BenjaminFranklindiscoveredLightningiselectricityWhyaretheyfamous?BenjaminFranklindiscoveredLightningiselectricityinventionsordiscoveries?AnamphibiouscarStephenson’s“Rocket”•Anamphibiouscar(2003)•Thisisthefirstcarthatcantravelsafelyonwaterandonland.Whenmovingonwater,thewheelsofthecarturnsidewaysandmoveintothebody.Theunderneathofthecarisstrongenoughtosailasaboat.Itisaprototypeandisnotyetbeingproducedforsale.Thisisaninterestingmoderninvention.•Stephenson’s“Rocket”(1781-1848)•GeorgeStephensonwasoneofthefirstmentodesignenginesfortherailwayswhichwerenewatthattime.OneofthefirsttrackstobelaidwasbetweenStocktonandDarlington.Stephensonwasoneofthefirstrailwayengineersandin1825hedrovethefirsttrainalongtheline.DNAWorkouttherulesthatwillhelpyoudecidewhatadiscoveryisandwhataninventionis.•ThestructureofDNA•ThiswasdiscoveryofFrancisCrickandJamesWatsonandpublishedin1953.ThesetwoscientistwerethefirsttoshowthatourgenesconsistoftwospiralsofDNA(calledthedouble-helix).Thisworkleddirectlytothehumangenomeprojectin2003,whichdiscoveredtheStructureofDNA.Whatisaninvention?Aninventionissomethingthatcreatedbyhumanbeing,suchasthelightingrod.Inventingisascientificactivity.Whatisadiscovery?Adiscoverymerelymakesknownsomethingthatalreadyexistinnature,suchasthediscoveryontheNewContinentbyColumbia.Whataretheimportantinventionsofthe20thcentury?Whichdoyouthinkisthemostimportantone?Doyouknowthestageseveryinventormustgothroughbeforetheycanhavetheirinventionapproved?Inventingisascientificactivityandsofollowssimilarstagestothoseusedinscientificresearch.Lookatthefollowinglistandworkoutasuitableorder.1.Applyingforapatent2.Findingaproblem3.Doingresearch4.Testingthesolution5.Thinkingofacreativesolution6.DecidingontheinventionTheproblemofthesnakesThetextnarrates________________________andpresents_____________________________andapplyingfor____________.theproblemofthesnakestheproceduresofcatchingthemReadthetextquicklyandcompleteitsmainidea.apatentDividethepassageintoseveralpartsandfindoutthemainideaforeachparagraph.Part1(para.1)Thediscoveryoftheproblemofthesnakes.Part2(para.2)Doingsomeresearchaboutthehabitsofsnakes.Part3(para.3)DecidingonthesolutionPart4(para.4-6)TheattemptstocatchthesnakesPart5(para.7-8)therequirementsofgettingapatentListentotherecordedfileofthetext,thentrytoanswerthequestions.1.Whatupsettheauthor'smother?Thesnakes.2.Howmanytimesdidtheauthorattempttoremovethesnakes?Threetimes.3.Whatdidtheauthordoafterhesuccessfullygetridofthesnakes?Toapplyforapatent.Readthetextcarefullyandfillintheblanks.FindingaproblemThewriter’smotherfoundsomesnakesinthe__________,whichcamenearthehousenowandthen,andsheexpectedthewritertoremovethesnakeswithout___________them.DoingresearchThewritersetouttoresearchthe______ofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.harminghabitscourtyardThinkingofacreativesolutionThreepossibleapproaches:◆removingthesnakes’______◆attractingthesnakesintoa____usingmaleorfemaleperfumeorfood◆_______thesnakessothattheywouldbecomesleepyandcouldbeeasilycaughtIdecidedtousethe_________approach.habitattrapcoolinglast/thirdTestingthesolution：ThreeattemptsThefirstattempt:◆earlythenextmorningthewriterputa(an)_________bowloverthesnakes’___________andsome____________ontopofthebowl.◆Shecoveredthemwithalarge_________.◆Twohourslater,thoughthesnakeswereless________,theyescapedquicklywhenshetriedtocatchthem.frozenhabitatice-cubesbucketactiveTestingthesolution：ThreeattemptsThesecondattempt:◆Thewriterfrozethebowlandtheice-cubesagainbutplacedthemoverthesnakes’habitatinthe__________.◆Earlythenextmorningthesnakeslookedvery__________,butwhenshepickedthemup,theytriedto__________her.eveningsleepybiteTestingthesolution：ThreeattemptsThethirdattempt:◆Thenextmorningthewriterrepeatedthe_________attempt.Sheusedasmall__________toprotectherselffrombeingbittenandfinallycollectedthepassivesnakes.◆Theymerrily___________thesnakesallbackintothewildthenextday.secondnetreleasedApplyingfora______◆Thewriterfilledintheformandfiledher__________________withthePatentOffice.◆Thepatentofficemakesasearchtocheckthatyourproductreallyis________fromeveryoneelse’s.◆Patentexaminersexaminewhetheryourclaimis_____ornot.◆Yourapplicationforapatentwillbepublished___monthsfromthedateyouapplyifyourclaimpassesallthetests.patentdifferentvalid18patentapplication1.Whydidcoolingthesnakesmakethemlessactive?A.Becausesnakesarewarm-bloodedanimals.B.Becausesnakeslikehightemperature.C.Becausesnakesarereptilesandtheirbodytemperaturedependsontheheataroundthem.CReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.2.Whichofthefollowingmaygetapatentaccordingtothetext?A.Acomputerprogramme.B.Anewanimalvariety.C.Aworkofliterature.D.Atrulynovelandusefulinvention.D3.Thepurposeinwritingthistextis___.A.toshowushowtotrapthesnakesbutnottokillthemB.to