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1.acquisitionofinformation信息采集2.objectofmeasurement测量目标3.measurand被测物理量，被测对象4.measurementresult测量结果5.qualitativemeasurement质量测量6.quantitativemeasurement数量测量7.measurementprocess测量过程8.theorem定理，法则9.hypothesis假说，假设，学说10.single-value单值11.monotonicfunction单调函数12.measurementconstitute测量组成13.physicalquantity物理量14.electricalpotentialdifference电势差15.electricalcurrent电流16.electricalresistance电阻17.capacitance电容18.inductance感应系数19.frequency频率20.mutualinduction互感21.thermostat自动调温器22.parasiticquantity寄生量，附加量23.randomerrors随机误差24.systematicerrors系统误差25.OSPoscilloscope示波器26.rmsroot-mean-square均方根27.quantitativedata定量数据28.qualitativedata定性数据29.empiricaldata经验数据30.processeddata已处理过的数据31.theoreticalcalculations理论计算32.theoreticalmodel理论模型33.dataprocessing数据处理34.datareduction数据简化35.measurementstrategy测量策略36.frequencyspectrum频谱37.coherentsampling相干采样38.amplitudedistributionfunction振幅分布函数39.multiplex多路操作40.inaccuratecalibration不准确的刻度41.mismatchedimpedance不匹配的阻抗42.response-timeerror反应时间误差43.histogram直方图，柱状图，矩形图44.observationaldata观测数据45.descriptivestatistic描述性统计46.statisticalinference统计性推论47.distributionofvalue数据分布48.samplemean样本均值49.performancecheck性能检查50.tolerancelimit公差极限51.lowerrangelimit范围下限52.upperrangelimit范围上限53.deadband死区54.measuredvariable被测变量55.sinusoidalsignal正弦信号56.amountofdrift漂移量57.recoverytime回复时间58.saturationeffect饱和效应59.zerodrift零点漂移60.sensitivitydrift敏感性漂移61.staticcharacteristics静态特征62.hysteresis滞后现象63.tabularform表格形式64.graphicalform图解形式65.controller控制器66.sensor传感器67.closed-loop闭环68.open-loop开环69.feedback反馈70.regulatorsystem调节器系统71.follow-upsystem随动系统72.actuator执行器73.numericalcontrol数值控制74.batchcontrol批量控制75.sequentialcontrol连续控制76.time-sequentialcontrol时间顺序控制77.event-sequentialcontrol事件顺序控制78.blockdiagram方框图79.phasedifference相位差80.phaseangle相位角81.directcurrent直流82.frequencyresponse频率响应83.controlmode控制模型84.proportionalmode比例模型85.integralmode积分模型86.derivativemode微分模型87.manualcontrol手动控制88.externalsignal外部信号89.on-offcontrol开关控制90.bumplesstransfer无扰动切换91.patternrecognition模式识别92.taggingofinstrument仪器标志93.generalinstrumentsymbol通用仪器标志94.controlvalve控制阀95.leveltransmitter液位变送器96.maintenancetracking跟踪维护97.materialhandling原料处理98.computer-assistedsimulation计算机辅助仿真99.hierarchicalstructure递阶结构，层次结果100.myriadclone大量复制101.relay继电器102.Booleanprogrammingmethod布尔编程方法103.LCDliquidcrystaldisplay液晶104.internalregister内部寄存器105.arithmeticunit算术单元106.logicunit逻辑单元107.operationmanual操作指南108.systemintegrator系统集成器109.industrialrelay工业继电器110.systemexpansion系统扩展111.usermanual用户手册112.computeranalysis计算机分析113.powerassist辅助动力114.mastercontrol主控制115.processprogress进程116.compatibility兼容性117.communicationstandard通信标准118.ISOinternationalstandardsorganization国际标准化组织119.OSIopensystemsinterconnection开放式系统互联120.communicationnetworkarchitecture通信网络层121.communicationsophistication通信混合系统122.allowablebandwidth允许的带宽123.fieldbus现场总线124.interoperability互用性，协同工作的能力125.distributedreal-timesystem分布式实时系统126.pyramidalmodel金字塔模型127.operationalarchitecture操作体系结构128.horizontaltraffic水平通信129.verticaltraffic垂直通信130.robustness鲁棒性131.QoSqualityofservice服务质量132.ATCairtrafficcontrol空中交通管制133.barometric大气压力134.altermetry测高学135.troposphere对流层136.galaxy银河系137.luminousflux光通量138.pupil瞳孔139.retina视网膜140.acceleration加速度141.velocity速度142.temperature温度143.gravitational重力的144.impedance阻抗，全阻抗145.hybrid混合物146.strain过度疲劳，紧张，张力，应变147.thermometer温度计，体温计148.calibrate校准149.bandwidth带宽150.mapping映射，绘制……地图，计划151.lubricatingoil润滑油152.heuristic启发式的153.parameter参数，参量154.spectrum光，光谱155.vibration振动156.collision碰撞，冲突157.phase相位158.encoding译码器，编码器159.decoding解码器160.multiplexing多路技术161.protocol协议，草案162.truckline主干163.duplex双工164.router路由器165.gateway网关166.interact互相作用，互相影响167.stack栈，堆栈168.CIMcomputerintegratedmanufacturing计算机集成制造169.PCpersonalcomputer个人电脑170.PLCprogrammablelogiccontroller可编程逻辑控制器171.I/Oinput/output输入/输出172.CNCcomputernumericalcontrol计算机数字控制系统173.CRTcathoderaytube阴极射线管174.CPUcontrolprocessingunit中央处理器175.DCdirectcurrent直流176.ACalternatingcurrent交流177.ASCIIAmericanstandardcodeforinformationinterchange美国信息交换标准码178.IECinternationalelectrotechnicalcommission国际电工委员会179.MAPmanufacturingautomationprotocol制造自动化协议180.SDSsmartdistributedsystem分布式智能系统181.signaltransducer信号变送器182.temperaturetransducer温度变送器183.flowtransmitter流量变送器184.pressuretransmitter压力变送器1.Inthefollowing,wewilldefinemeasurementastheacquisitionofinformationintheformofmeasurementresult,concerningcharacteristics,statesorphenomena(themeasurand)oftheworldthatsurroundsus,observedwiththeaidofmeasurementsystems(instruments).在下文中，我们将测量定义为以测量结果表现形式的信息采集，包括周围世界的性质，状态、现象（被测量）通过测量系统观察获得。2.Measurementtheorytreatsmeasurementsasamappingofelementsofasourcesetbelongingtotheempiricaldomainspace(seeFig.1.1)ontotheelementsofanimage(oroutcome)setwhichispartoftheabstractrange(orimage)space.测量理论把测量理解为属于经验域空间的源集的元素到作为一个抽象范围（或称影像）空间的一部分的影像集元素的映射。3.Erroristhedifferencebetweenthetrueorbestacceptedvalueofsomequantityandthemeasuredvalue.误差是真实量或者最理想量与测量值的差。4.Precisionisameasureoftherepeatabilityofaseriesofdatapointstakeninthemeasurementofsomequantity.精