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1知识点①：现在完成时一.一般现在时用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果e.g.YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续e.g.Ihavelivedheresince1990.二.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词三.现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?四.在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g.Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中e.g.Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中e.g.IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中e.g.Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止e.g.Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久e.g.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次e.g.HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?（2）两词组2havehasgoneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)havehasbeento去过某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)（3）两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.（4）如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？（5）现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。五.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用e.g.Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改为固定句型Itis---since---）④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改为否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）3六.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere例：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beaway例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beon例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosed例：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedead例：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beover例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→havee.g.Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.e.g.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepe.g.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.4还有其它的归纳如下：break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost七.延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave,start,setout,arrive,reach,getto,begin,stop,shut,turnoff,marry,put,puton,getup,wake,fall,join,meet,receive,finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,open,close,break,give,jump,buy,borrow八.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。Hehasdiedforthreedays.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用）同步练习：单项选择题1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten55、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish知识点②：过去完成时一．过去完成时结构：had+过去分词。二．过去完成时的用法：6①过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去e.g.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。Bytheendoflastweek,hehadlearnt1000words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了1000个单词。②过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态e.g.HesaidthathehadmadeafewfriendssincehecametoChina.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。同步练习：单项选择题：1．Heaskedme____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She_____livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.7A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he________.A.hascompleteduniversityB.h