美国文学史-Fennimore-copper

JAMESFENIMORECOOPER(1789-1851)组员：郝芸芯张珍珍曾颖曾媛HistoricalBackground•Intheearly1920s,theUnitedStatesliteraturebegantobeindependentfromtheUnitedKingdom,andcreatedAmericannationalliterature.•TherepresentativeswhowrotethisliteraryDeclarationofIndependenceareIrvingandCooper,theywerebothpioneersofAmericanfolkliterature.IrvingisknownasthefatherofAmericanliterature,andCooperispraisedastheoriginatorofAmericannovels.EarlylifeandfamilyHelegallyaddedhismother'smaidennameFenimore”tohisoriginalname-JamesCooper.BornonSept15,1789inNewJersey.Thetwelfthofthirteenchildreninthefamily.Cooper’sfather,WilliamCooper,wasareligiousman,ashrewdlanddeveloper,andawillingpublicservant.OtsegoHall,Cooper’shomeJamesCooper,decidedbyhissternfather,wassenttoreceivethebesteducation.AttendedYaleUniversityin1803,butwassenthomeduetohisneglectofstudy.OnJan.1,1808,CooperservedintheU.S.NavyasamidshipmanstationedatFortOswegoonLakeOntario.MarriedSusanAugustaDeLanceyafterhisfatherdiedandresignedhisnavypost,andsettleddowninCooperstownasagentlemanfarmer.Susan,Cooper’swifeCooper:FromFarmertoAuthor•Cooper,alwaysanavidreader,becamedisgustedbythepoorqualityofaBritishnovelhewasreadingand,hurlingitacrosstheroom,declaredthathecouldwriteabetterone.Hiswifebluntlystatedherdoubtsandchallengedhimtodoso.Cooper’sLiteraryCareer•In1820,hisfirstnovel,Precaution.•HeusedthenovelsofJaneAustenashisguide,butthisnovelturnedtobeadisappointment.•In1821,TheSpy《间谍》.•Cooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:theseaadventuretales(海上传奇小说)andthefrontiersaga（边疆传奇小说）.•In1823,ThePilot《领航者》.Cooper’sknowledgeofsearestedonhisearlierthreeyears’serviceasamidshipman.•Ofallhisover30novels,themostfamousoneistheseriescalledTheLeatherstockingTales《皮裹腿故事集》.TheLeatherstockingTales•TheDeerslayer(杀鹿者)•TheLastoftheMohicans(最后的莫希干人)•ThePathfinder(探路人)•ThePioneers(拓荒者)•ThePrairie(大草原)TheLastoftheMohicans（1826）•ItisthesecondbookoftheLeatherstockingTalespentalogy（五部曲）,andthebestknowntocontemporaryaudiences.Background•Thisnovelissetin1757,duringtheFrenchandIndianWar(theSevenYears'War),whenFranceandGreatBritainbattledforcontrolofNorthAmerica.Duringthiswar,boththeFrenchandtheBritishusedNativeAmericanallies,buttheFrenchwereparticularlydependent,astheywereoutnumberedintheNortheastfrontierareasbythemorenumerousBritishcolonists.MainContent•ThenovelissetprimarilyintheupperNewYorkwilderness,detailingthetransportofthetwodaughtersofColonelMunro,AliceandCora,toasafedestinationatFortWilliamHenry.MainCharacters•ColonelMunro:aBritisharmycolonelincommandofFortWilliamHenry.•CoraMunro:adaughterofColonelMunro.•AliceMunro:anotherdaughteroftheColonelMunro.EscorttotheMunrosistersChingachgook:lastchiefoftheMohicantribeChingachgook’sson:UncasChingachgook’sfriend:NattyBumppoAmajor:DuncanHeyward•Magua–thevillain(主要反面人物)aHuron（休伦）chiefdrivenfromhistribefordrunkenness.WritingStyle•Heisgoodatmakingplots.Allhisnovelsarefullofmyths.•Therichnessofhisimagination.HehadneverbeentothefrontierandamongtheIndiansandyetcouldwritefivehugeepicbooksaboutthemisaneloquentproof.•HecreatedthefirstIndianstoappearinAmericanfictionandprobablythefirstgroupofnoblesavages.•Hehituponthenativesubjectoffrontierandwilderness,andhelpedtointroducethe“Western”traditionintoAmericanliterature.