妇产科全英文名词解释和简答(含中文注释)

好好背书，天天向上@O7，阿默©1妇产科全英文名词解释和简答（含中文注释）鸣谢美丽的美丽的和美丽的：O7和阿默名词解释妊娠生理Braxtonhicks收缩thepregnantuterusproducespainlesspalpablecontractionsatirregularintervalsfromanearlystageingestation,thesebraxtonhickscontractions,however,arenotpositivesighsofpregnancy,sincesimilarcontractionsaresometimesnotedincasesofhematometra（宫腔积血）andoccasionallywithsoftmyomas,especiallythepedunculatedsubmucousvariety妊娠诊断Fetallie胎产式thetermliereferstotherelationshipbetweenthelongaxis(长轴)ofthemotherandthelongaxisofthefetus（胎儿）Fetalpresentation胎先露thepresentingpartistheportionofthefetusthatdescendfirstthroughthebirthcanal（产道）Fetalposition胎方位theexactfetalpositionisdeterminedbytherelationshipofsomedefinitepartofthefetus（theguidingpoint）toafixedareaofthematernalpelvis（母体骨盆）Fetalattitude胎势attitudereferstotherelationshipofthepartsofthefetustoeachotherHegar’ssign黑格氏征onbimanualexamination（双合诊）theisthmusuteri（子宫峡部）feelsexceedinglydoughy（柔软的）atabout6-8weekafterthelastperiod好好背书，天天向上@O7，阿默©2异常妊娠Abortion流产abortionistheterminationofapregnancybeforetheendofthe28weekwhenthefetusweightlesserthan1000gThreatenedlabor先兆流产Before28weeksofgestationshowedasmallamountofvaginalbleeding,followedbyparoxysmal（阵发性）abdominalpain,withoutruptureoffetalmembranes（胎膜）anddilationofcervix,thesizeoftheuterusisconsistentwithpregnantweeksMissedabortion稽留流产whentheembryon（胚胎）diesanditisretainedinuterusHabitualabortion习惯性流产/recurrentabortion（复发性流产）thisisdefinedas3ormoreconsecutiveabortionwiththesamesexualpartnerEctopicpregnancy异位妊娠implantationofthefertilizedovum（受精卵）inasiteoutsidetheuterinecavity妊娠合并内科疾病HELLPsyndromeHELLP综合征hemolysis(溶血),elevatedliverenzymes（肝酶）,andlowplatelets（血小板）syndrome胎盘与胎膜异常Placentaprevia前置胎盘theentireplacentaorpartofitisimplantedinthelowerportionoftheuterusratherthanintheupperactivesegment,andlocatedlowerthanthepresentingpartofthefetusafter28week好好背书，天天向上@O7，阿默©3Placentaabruption胎盘早剥partialorcompletedetachmentoftheplacentafromasiteofnormalimplantationintheuterinewallbeforedeliveryofthefetusandmayoccuratanytimeafter20week’sgestationUteroplacentalapoplexy(couvelaireuterus)子宫胎盘卒中hemorrhageinfiltrates（浸润）theuterinewall.Makingitappearspurlishecchymosis,（青紫瘀斑）musclebundlesdisruptedanddegenerated,thenuteruslossitscontractilepower,（收缩力）resultinginpostpartumhemorrhege产前检查与孕期保健OCTorCST(orytocinchellengetest,orcontractionstresstest)缩宫素激惹试验measuringtheFHRresponsetothestressofspontaneousoroxytocin（催产素）inducedcontraction(UC)formstobasisofthistestoffetalplacentalreserveOCTpositive:recurrent(atleasttwo)latedecelerationoftheFHR,i.e,slowingintheheartratedevelopsataboutthemiddleofthecontractionandreturningtothebaselineafterthecontractionsubsides,inaddition,theamplitude（振幅）andthedurationofthedecelerationmustparalleltheamplitudeanddurationoftheunderlyingNegative:atleast3contractionsin10minutes,andeachlastingatleast40seconds,theFHRareobservedwithoutlatedeceleration,anegativetestwithinaweakofdeliveryprovidedreliableassurancethatthefetuswillsurviveandprobablytoleratelaboranddeliverywellNST(nor-stresstest)无应激试验NSTisatestforobservingandrecordingreserveoffetuswithoutanyexternalstimulationanduterinecontraction(子宫收缩）DividedintoreactiveNST,dubiousNST,non-reactiveNSTReactive:theFadmusthaveasmooth,regularconfigurationandtheremustbe3ormoreFADsper20minuteswithadurationofgreaterthan15secondsandmorethan好好背书，天天向上@O7，阿默©415bpmamplitudeNon-reactive:thisclassificationincludesnofetalactivityeitherspontaneouslyoneouslyorwithstimulation,andnodemonsthableFHRchangeinresponsetostimulation正常分娩Mechanismofnormallabor分娩机制themechanismoflaborisatermappliedtotheseriesofchangesintheattitudeandpositionofthefetusthatpermitsittoprogressthroughtheirregularshapedpelviccavityEngagement衔接themechanismbywhichthebiparietaldiameter（双顶径）,thegreatesttransversediameteoftheheadinvertexpresentation（顶先露）,passesthroughthepelvicinletisdesignatedengagement,aphenomenonthatusuallyoccursinprimigravidaswithnormalpelves（骨盆）duringthelastfewweeksofpregnancybutdoesnotordinarilytakeplaceinmultiparasuntilafterthecommencementoflaborInternalrotation内旋转thismovementisaturningoftheheadinsuchamannerthattheocciput（枕骨）movesanteriorlyaroundtheThelongitudinalaxisofthepelvis（骨盆纵轴）makingtheinterparietalsuture（矢状缝）consistentwiththeanteroposteriordiameterofthepelvisandpelvisoutlet（骨盆以及骨盆出口的前后径）Onsetanddiagnosisoflabor临产诊断thecontractionsoflaboroccurregularlyandusuallyincreaseuntiltheyrecurevery5to6minutesandlastfrom30to40seconds,whichcauseprogressiveeffacement（消失）anddilatationofthecervix,anddescentofthepresentingpart（胎先露部）Physiologicretractionring生理性缩复环asaresultofthethiningofthelower好好背书，天天向上@O7，阿默©5uterinesegmentandthethickingoftheupper.Theboundarybetweenthemismarkedbyaridge（隆起）ontheinneruterinesurface,theridgeiscalledthephysiologicretractionringSignsofseparationofplacenta胎盘剥离征象1.therisingupoftheuterusasasmallfirmlycontractedmass，toalevelabovetheumbilicus（脐）2.Lengtheningofthecord（脐带）3.Asmallamountofvaginalbleeding4.tractionupwardsofthefundus（宫底）failstodrawthecordupwithitRetainedplacenta胎盘滞留theplacentawhichretainedintheuterinecavityformorethan30minutesiscalledre