美国文学浪漫主义时期Edgar-Allan-Poe

EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)fatherofdetectivestoryfatherofpsychoanalyticcriticismFatherofmodernshortstoryEdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡•PartI.LifeExperience•PartIILiteraryPosition•PartIII.MajorWorks•PartIV.PointofView•PartV.Style•PartVI.AppreciationThisdaguerreotypeofPoewastakenin1848whenhewas39,ayearbeforehisdeathLifeExperience•Amiserablechildhood:borninBoston,bothparentsdiedwithintwoyearsafterhisbirth,takenintothehomeofJohnAllaninVirginia,hadanunhappyrelationshipwithhisfosterfather•Anunhappyyouth:at17wenttotheUniversityofVirginiabutdidnotfinish,anappointmenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedlessthanayearlater•Astrugglinglife:in1833,becameaneditorofSouthernLiteraryMessengerinRichmond,lostthepositionbecauseofexcessivedrinkingandaninabilitytomeetdeadlines,managedtoregainthejobin1835,at27,marriedhis13year-oldcousin,VirginiaClemm,driftedforseveralyearsaseditorsindifferentmagazinesbutremainedpoorallhislifeEdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)“我经常沉湎杯中物，但喝酒并没使我感到半点儿乐趣。我不惜生命和名声，不顾理智，一味喝酒，并非追求乐趣，而是竭力逃避令人痛苦的回忆，逃避无法忍受的孤寂，逃避迫在眼前的大限。”•Abitterandmysteriousdeath:in1847,wifediedoftuberculosis,in1849,diedinmysteriouscircumstancesLifeExperienceamiserablechildhoodwasadoptedbyJohnAllananunhappyrelationshipenteredtheUniversitybutdidn’tfinishwenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedat27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinherdeathin1847lefthimabittererlifediedinmysteriouscircumstances,in1849PartII.Poe’sliteraryposition–Forerunnerofwesterndecadentliterature–Forerunnerofaestheticliterature–Explorerofabnormalpsychology–Fatherofpsychoanalyticcriticism–Path-breakerofAmericandetectivenovel–FatherofmodernshortstoryCommentsonPoe•EdgarAllanPoeisthemostcontroversialandthemostmisunderstoodliteraryfigureinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.•“我不在乎我的作品是现在被人读还是由子孙后代来读。我可以花一个世纪来等待读者。”InAmerica•Emerson:“thejingleman”(noisy)•MarkTwain:Hisproseisunreadable.•HenryJames:“anenthusiasmforPoeisthemarkofadecidedlyprimitivestateofdevelopment”•Whitman:admitPoe’sgenius,butitwas“itsnarrowrangeandunhealthy,luridquality”(terrible)•T.S.Eliot:acriticofthefirstrank,butwith“slipshodwriting”(careless)ReasonsforMisunderstanding•1)Asaperceptivecritic,hewrotesomescathingcriticismsondistinguishedliteraryfigures.•2)Hisliteraryexecutorsulliedhisreputationafterhisdeath.InEuropePoeenjoyedrespectandwelcomeinEuropeHisreputationwasfirstmadeinFranceToday,hisworksarereadwithappreciationandunderstanding.Poe'sinfluencewasconsiderableinSpain,Italy,GermanyandRussia.•GeorgeBernardShawShaw’sevaluationofPoe'sachievementacritic,apoet，ashortstorywriterthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistimehispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsight•柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独辟蹊径，那他就可以感到心满意足了。”•凡尔纳：“他肯定会有模仿者，有人会试图超越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许多自以为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提并论。”•肖伯纳：“它们不仅仅是一篇篇小说，而完全是一件件艺术品。”PartIII.MajorWorks•FamousAmericanpoet,short-storywriter,andliterarycritic•MostcontroversialandmisunderstoodinAmerica•WellreceivedinEurope,England,Spain,esp.inFrance•Literaryoutput:someseventyshortstoriesandadozenpoems•A:Poems•B:Shortstories•C:literarytheory•D:onefull-lengthnovel:TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPym(1838)《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》Shortstories1MS.FoundinaBottle(1833)《瓶中手稿》2TalesoftheGrotesqueandtheArabesque(1839)《荒诞奇异的故事》3TheMurdersintheRueMorgue(1841)《毛格街血案》4TheFalloftheHouseofUsher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》5TheCaskofAmontillado《一桶白葡萄酒》6Ligeia《丽姬亚》7ThePurloinedLetter《窃信案》8TheManoftheCrowd《人群中的人》9TheTell-TaleHeart《泄密的心》10WilliamWilson《威廉.威尔逊》11BlackCat《黑猫》12TheImpofthePerverse《变态的小鬼》13TheGoldBug《金甲虫》14TheMysteryofMarieRoger《玛丽.罗热疑案》15TheMasqueoftheRedDeath《红色死亡的化妆舞会》a.Ashortstorywriterstories:twokindsHorrorRatiocination（推理）“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”“TheBlackCat”“TheCaskofAmontillado”“Ligeia”（莉盖亚）“ThePurloinedLetter”（被窃的信件）ShortStories•1.HorrorFiction（死亡恐怖小说）•TheFalloftheHouseofUsher•TheMasqueoftheRedDeath•Ligeia•TheBlackCat•TheCaskofAmontillado•TheTell-TaleHeart•2.DetectiveNovel（推理侦探小说）•MurdersintheRueMorgue•ThePurloinedLetter•TheGoldBug•3.ScienceFiction（科幻小说）•4.SatiricalNovel（幽默讽刺小说）TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque«述异集»acollectionofshortstoriestalestwokindsHorrorRatiocination（推理）“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《莫格街谋杀案》“TheGoldBug”《金甲虫》“TheBlackCat”《黑猫》“TheCaskofAmontillado”（红色死亡假面舞会）“Ligeia”《莉盖亚》“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”astoryinTalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque“ThePurloinedLetter”《被窃的信件》“TheMysteryofMarieRoget”《玛丽罗杰谜案》fiftypoemstypicallyRomanticinbothformandcontentPoe’spoetictheoriesPoetryshouldbeshortandreadableatonesitting,shouldappealonlyto“beauty”(aimingat“anelevatingexcitementofthesoul”)Truepoetryis“therhythmicalcreationofbeauty”“ThePhilosophyofComposition““ThePoeticPrinciple”b.Apoetc.AliterarycriticPoems1TheRaven(1844)《乌鸦》2AnnabelLee《安娜贝尔丽》3TheSleeper《睡美人》4ADreamWithinaDream《梦中梦》5Israfel《伊斯拉菲尔》6TheBells《钟》7Sonnet–ToScience《十四行诗--致科学》8ToHelen《献给海伦》9TheCityintheSea《海中的城市》madePoefamousasapoetsymbolofhisdarkdoubtsandfrustratedlonging“Nevermore”永不再literarytheory•ThePoeticPrinciple诗歌原理•ThePhilosophyofComposition创作哲学•ReviewofTwice-ToldTales评霍桑的故事重述Poe’literarytheory•Theoryf