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第一单元KeytoExercisesTextAReadingComprehension1.A.ThebackgroundGood-lookingpeoplehaveadvantagesinmanyways.TheproblemWhatcantherestofusdo?FormerpracticesTojudgeourlooks1)byourselves,friendsorfamilya.We’renotevenclosetoobjective.b.Ouropinionisalsocapricious.2)bystrangers，e.g.,the“HotorNot”WebsiteItisnotexactlythebestwaytobolsteryourself-image.Theauthor’smajorpointAninternalmakeoverdoesthejob:Understandingyourownpowerfulself-perceptionscanhelpyoustopobsessingoveryourappearance---andlookbetter.B.CommonmythsArgumentsfortheauthor’smajorpoint1)Asaresultofthe“contrastEffect”,ourself-conceptsarebuiltonthousandsofcomparisons.a.Womenareparticularlysusceptibletothiseffect.Butasamatteroffacttheytakeadoublestandard:anidealizedstandardofbeautyintermsofphysicalattractiveness;amoremundanestandardintermsofintelligence.b.Onewhoscoreshighon“publicself-consciousness”judgeshisorherownappearancemorecriticallywhenself-aware.Theytendtocomparethemselvesexclusivelywithverygood-lookingpeople—andfeelespeciallydownafterdoingso.2)Apictureofourselvesbuiltinchildhoodishardtogetoutofourmindsa.Our“internalmirrors”areoftenshapedbyourparents.b.There’snodirectlinebetweenchildhoodexperiencesinadulthood.andadultself-image.C.Onceyouletgoofthatself-consciousness,youcaninteractwithoutitgettingintheway.2.A.2)ouropinionofourownlooks3)self-appraisal4)self-image5)self-judgment6)self-concept7)self-aware8)self-consciousness9)apictureofourselvesB.2)asysteminsideone’sbrainthathelpsgatherdatafortheself-judgmentofone’sappearance.3)Itreferstowhatpsychologistscallthebuilt-inhot-or-notmeter.4)Inpsychology,itreferstothemeasuresofapersonalitytraitinpublic.5)thepsychologicalsystemthattendstooverstateorunderstateaparticularpersonalitytrait.ReadingandDiscussing3.1)Becausethesocialstatusofwomenisoftencontingentupontheirfacesandbodies,theyareparticularlysusceptibletothe“contrasteffect”.2)Yes.Withcorrectunderstandingofyourself,youknowexactlywhatyoureallywanttodo,whatyoucando,andwhatlevelyoucanreach.Withacleargoal,strongdeterminationanddiligence,youwillsucceedoneday.LanguageinUse4.A.No.NounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1anonymity/anonymousanonymously2liability/liable/3susceptibility/susceptiblesusceptibly4exclusiveness/exclusionexcludeexclusiveexclusively5evolutionevolveevolutionaryevolutionarily6adolescence/adolescent/7exception/exceptionalexceptionally8contentioncontendcontendingcontendingly9gleamgleamgleamygleamingly10validationvalidatevalid/B.1)a.exceptionallyb.exceptional2)a.anonymousb.anonymously3)a.validateb.validation4)a.susceptibleb.susceptibility5)a.adolescentsb.Adolescence6)a.gleamedb.gleam7)a.liableb.Liability8)a.exclusiveb.exclusively5.1)comparewith2)zeroinon3)arefixatedon4)getintheway5)inafavorablelight6)fixmyselfup6.A.1)self-discipline2)self-propelled3)self-evident4)self-motivated5)self-assured6)self-employed7)self-critical8)self-destruct9)self-made10)self-centered11)self-abandoned12)self-organizeB.1)self-motivated2)self-perceptions3)self-evident4)self-organize5)self-employed6)self-critical7)self-made8)self-centered9)self-destruct10)self-assured;self-conscious7.1)a.estimateb.appraisec.evaluated.assessed2)a.declaredb.announcedc.broadcast3)a.cancelledb.withdrewc.abolished4)a.stimulateb.motivatedc.activates5)a.synthesizeb.combinec.incorporate8.1)……即使在同一个晚上，在一个聚会上我们可能感觉自己是众人瞩目的焦点，但在下一个聚会上也许感觉自己十分卑微。2)这叫内心重塑力：明白自我感受的强大力量，有助于你不因外表而烦恼——看上去也就更漂亮。3)这种社会比较不仅仅只是出现在你特意仔细观察路人时，而是一直在自发地进行着。4)相比而言，男女在评估智商时，都不会拿自己跟爱因斯坦比较，而倾向采用一个更普通的标准。5)当有这种比较意识时，如在同事面前做一个展示时，人们都会更加苛刻地评判自己的外貌。9.Researchhasshownthatinbothsexesandacrossnumerouscultures,especiallyfromadolescence,good-lookingpeopleareoftenevaluatedtobeoneswithexceptionalpersonalitytraits.Whyshouldthisbeso?Somepeoplehaveperceivedthatsinceitispleasurabletomeetsomeonewithattractivephysicalappearanceandsomeonewithgoodmoralcharacter,weautomaticallymixthemup.Butthisstatementdoesnotseemtobeobjective.ThestudiesbyDr.SampoPaunonenoftheUniversityofWesternOntariorevealthatpeoplewhoweredescribedasbeingmorehonestwereratedasmorelikable,andthemorelikable,themorephysicallyattractive.TextBReadingComprehension1.MainideaofTextBTopicofeachpartFactsoropinionsMentalimagingwouldhelpyoubeawinner.Paras.1-3MentalimaginghelpsGarfieldsucceed.a.GarfieldlearnedanewwaytoboostperformanceinMilan.(F)b.Garfieldsucceededwiththatnewway.(F)c.WhatGarfielddidwasimaging.(O/F)Paras.4-8Successfulpeopleinmanyfieldsuseimaging.a.IraSharliprunsa“motionpicture”oftheprocedureinhismindthenightbeforeadifficultoperation.(F)b.Professionalathleteshavebeenvisualizingfordecadesandswearbyit.(F)c.BothBillBatesandgolferJackNicklauspracticementally.(F)d.Garfieldhasconductedresearchonbusinessleaders'mentalimaging.(F)Paras.9-15Thewaysinwhichwecanputthispowerfultooltowork.a.Adetailedmentalimageofsuccessismorethanjustwishfulthinking.(F/O)b.Thoughithelps,imagingisn'tasubstituteforactionbutasupplementtoit.(F/O)c.Thereareseveralwaystoputmentalimagingtowork:torelax,togetintherightmood,toapplyitineverydaybusinessconcerns,nottoexpectinstantresults,andnottofretifyourimagesaren'tclear.(F/O)Para.16Thereasonwhyme