大学有机化学重要反应小结

卤代烷取代反应小结R－X为重要有机中间体（intermediates）RXOR'RSHRSR'ROCOR'RCNRCCR'RCH(CO2Et)2RIRNaOHorH2ONaOR'orHOR'NaSHorNaSR'NHR'2(H)CCR'NaCCR'XMgorNaCH(CO2Et)2NaCNNaIR'COONa酯腈高级炔烷基丙二酸酯醇醚伯胺仲胺叔胺硫醇(硫醚)OHRNH2RNHR'RNR'2R碘代物Grignard试剂在合成中应用小结烃类化合物各类醇（多1碳）羧酸（多1碳）MgXRXRMg无水醚偶联反应亲核取代亲核加成亲核加成R'X醛、酮、酯环氧乙烷CO2各类醇（多2碳）烯烃亲电加成反应小结卤代烷硫酸氢酯邻二卤代烷b-卤代醇醇醚酯取代环氧乙烷CHCH2RHXHOSO3HHHHOR'HR'COOHCHCH3RXCHCH3ROSO3HCHCH3ROR'CHCH3ROCOR'CHCH3ROHH2OCHCH2RXXCHCH2ROHXH2OX2X2H2OCHCH2RO苯环上的亲电取代反应小结FeorFeX3浓H2SO4or发烟H2SO4RXXNO2SO3HRCROX2HNO3浓H2SO4AlCl3or(RCO)2ORCOClAlCl3X=Cl,BrZnCl2CH2ClH2CO,HClHClAlCl3,CuClCHOCO,ROHROH2ROHZnClROHPBr2ROSONROTsNuRNu差离去基好离去基醇羟基取代小结羟基总是先转变为好离去基，才能被取代醇类反应小结CCHOHCCHOCCHXCCHOCCCCHORCCOHHOCORCCHOTsCCHNu失去氢成醚成磺酸酯取代酯化卤代消除氧化CCHOor