低功耗可调直流稳压电源解读

河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书I摘要采用三端集成LM338正电压输出可调式稳压器和LM324运算放大器，输出电压在0～30V之间连续可调电压供功率放大器使用。该稳压电源具有性能稳定，结构简单、电压、电流指标精度高，调节方便等优点。三端可调稳压器具有体积小，稳定性高，输出阻抗小，温度性能好等优点。但是在实际应用中，可调式稳压器随着输入—输出压差的增大，增大了稳压器的功耗，缩短了稳压器的使用寿命。稳压器的功耗分为有载功耗和无载功耗，有载功耗大于无载功耗，这是在设计和使用稳压器时需要特别注意的。稳压器工作时的功耗主要取决于稳压器调整管的压差和流经的电流。所以在实际应用中，稳压器的压差应在允许值范围内越小越好。为了实现电压连续可调，并降低稳压器的功耗，可采用外界取样电路，自动进行调控的设计方案。输入电压分为几个档位，从而降低稳压器的压差，电路简单、调试方便。价格低廉，并可大大降低稳压器的功耗，提高了稳压器的使用寿命和工作稳定性。本文介绍了运算放大器对集成稳压器的输入—输出压差进行实时控制的基本原理，并介绍了30V/5A低功耗可调稳压电源的电路设计方法。关键词：稳压器；变压器；可调电源河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书IIABSTRACTSummaryofthree-TerminalintegratedLM338voltageadjustablevoltageregulatorandLM324op-ampoutputvoltageadjustable0~30Vvoltagefortheamplifiertouse.Theregulatedpowersupplywithstableperformance,simplestructure,highprecisionvoltageandcurrentspecifications,convenientadjustmentandsoon.Three-Terminaladjustableregulatorwithsmallsize,highstability,smalloutputimpedance,temperatureaswellasgoodperformance.Butinpractice,adjustableregulatorwithinput-outputvoltageincreases,increasingthepoweroftheregulator,shorteningthelifespanoftheregulator.Regulator-powerisdividedintoon-loadandno-loadpowerconsumptionpowerconsumption,havepowergreaterthanthenoloadpowerconsumption,whichisdesignedandusedregulatorsneedtopayspecialattention.Regulatorpowermainlydependsonthevoltageregulatortoadjustwhenpipepressuredifferentialandflowthroughthecurrent.Soinpractice,differentialpressureregulatorshouldbewellwithintherangeofallowedvaluesissmaller.Inordertoachievecontinuousvoltagecanbeadjusted,andreducepowerconsumptionbyregulators,usingoutsidesamplecircuit,automaticcontroldesign.Inputvoltageisdividedintoseveralstalls,therebyreducingthedifferentialpressureregulators,circuitissimple,easytodebug.Pricesarelow,andcangreatlyreducethevoltageofpowerconsumption,improvingthestabilityoftheregulator'slifeandwork.Describestheintegratedoperationalamplifierinput-outputvoltageregulatorfundamentalsofpressuredifferencecontrolinrealtime,andintroducedthe30V/5Aadjustableregulatedpowersupplycircuitdesignmethodoflowpowerconsumption.Keyword:Regulators;Transformer;Adjustablepower河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书I目录1引言..............................................................11.1论文研究背景与意义..........................................11.2本课题研究内容与目标........................................12线性稳压器.........................................................22.1线性稳压器的主要特点.........................................22.2标准集成线性稳压器的产品分类.................................32.2.1三端固定式集成稳压器的分类及工作原理...................32.2.2三段可调式集成线性稳压器的分类及工作原理...............72.2.3多端集成线性稳压器....................................112.2.4跟踪式正、负压对称输出集成线性稳压器..................112.2.5其他集成线性稳压器....................................112.3集成稳压器的选择............................................112.4集成稳压器的主要技术参数....................................132.5线性稳压器外部保护电路工作原理..............................152.5.1反向偏压保护..........................................152.5.2输出端反极性电压保护电路..............................162.5.3瞬态过电压保护电路....................................173其他元器件的选型..................................................193.1运算放大器..................................................193.1.1运算放大器的作用及工作原理............................193.1.2运算放大器构成的电压比较器............................193.1.3运算放大器LM324......................................213.2开关三极管..................................................223.2.1开关三极管的简单介绍..................................223.2.2开关三极管的工作原理..................................233.2.3开关三极管的特点及应用................................233.3稳压二极管..................................................243.4电压继电器..................................................244稳压电路的设计....................................................264.1直流稳压电源的基本原理......................................26河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书II4.1.1直流稳压电源设计思路..................................264.1.2直流稳压电源..........................................264.2可调试集成稳压电源的设计................................274.2.1.可调试三端集成稳压电源的设计基础......................274.2.2基本单元电路的设计....................................304.2.3电路结构图设计........................................314.2.4功耗计算..............................................334.2.5集成稳压器的散热器设计................................335电源的安装与仿真调试..............................................375.1元器件......................................................375.1.1.电解电容的引脚........................................375.1.2.电阻..................................................375.1.3整流桥................................................385.1.4二极管................................................395.1.5三端可调稳压器........................................395.2安装与调试..................................................396结语..............................................................41致谢..............................................................42参考文献............................................................43附录一电器主接线图.................................................44河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书11引言1.1论文研究背景与意义随着电子技术的发展，电子设备在人们的生活和生产中的地位也越来越重要，许多的电子设备对所需的电源也提出了更高的要求。而这其中相当多的电子设备不能直接使用公用电网提供的交流电源,而是需要稳定的直流电源，因此对直流电源的性能、体积、重量等的要求也不断提