锅炉课程设计说明书

锅炉课程设计说明书姓名：孙海龙班级：热动06-2班学号：0607126232指导教师：魏祥瑞锅炉课程设计说明书目录绪论设计目的及基本资料....................................4一、锅炉课程设计的目的··································································4二、锅炉校核计算主要内容·······························································4三、整体校核热力计算过程顺序·························································4四、热力校核计算基本资参数····························································4五、燃料特性·················································································5第一章辅助计算..........................................61.1锅炉的空气量计算······································································71.2燃料燃烧计算············································································7第二章炉膛校核热力计算....................错误!未定义书签。2.1校核热力计算步骤·············································错误!未定义书签。2.2炉膛顶棚辐射受热面吸热量及工质焓增的计算·································································································16第三章、对流受热面的热力计算.....................................................173.1对流受热面计算步骤·································································173.2屏式过热器热力计算·································································17第四章凝渣管的传热计算....................错误!未定义书签。4.1凝渣管结构及计算主要特点··································错误!未定义书签。4.2凝渣管的传热计算·············································错误!未定义书签。第五章过热器的传热计算...................................225.1高温过热器结构及传热计算························································225.2低温过热器结构及传热计算························································26第六章省煤器和空气预热器传热计算...........................296.1高温省煤器结构及传热计算·······················································296.2高温空气预热器结构及传热计算·················································326.3低温省煤器结构及传热计算·································错误!未定义书签。6.4低温空气预热器结构及传热计算·················································38第七章锅炉热力计算误差检查······························································41附表..................................................43附图..................................................49结束语................................................61参考文献...............................................63锅炉课程设计说明书设计题目：220t/h燃煤锅炉绪论一、锅炉课程设计的目的锅炉课程设计《锅炉原理》课程的重要教学实践环节。通过课程设计来达到以下目的：对锅炉原理课程的知识得以巩固、充实和提高；掌握锅炉机组的热力计算方法，学会使用热力计算标准方法,并具有综合考虑锅炉机组设计与布置的初步能力；培养对工程技术问题的严肃认真和负责的态度。二、锅炉校核计算主要内容1、锅炉辅助设计：这部分计算的目的是为后面受热面的热力计算提供必要的基本计算数据或图表。2、受热面热力计算：其中包含为热力计算提供结构数据的各受热面的结构计算。3、计算数据的分析：这部分内容往往是鉴定设计质量等的主要数据。三、整体校核热力计算过程顺序1、列出热力计算的主要原始数据，包括锅炉的主要参数和燃料特性参数。2、根据燃料、燃烧方式及锅炉结构布置特点，进行锅炉通道空气量平衡计算。3、理论工况下（a＝1）的燃烧计算。4、计算锅炉通道内烟气的特性参数。5、绘制烟气温焓表。6、锅炉热平衡计算和燃料消耗量的估算。7、锅炉炉膛热力计算。8、按烟气流向对各个受热面依次进行热力计算。9、锅炉整体计算误差的校验。10、编制主要计算误差的校验。11、设计分析及结论。四、热力校核计算基本资参数1)锅炉额定蒸汽量De=220t/h2)给水温度：tGS=215℃3）过热蒸汽温度：tGR=540℃4）过热蒸汽压力（表压）PGR=9.8MPa5)制粉系统：中间储仓式（热空气作干燥剂、钢球筒式磨煤机）6）燃烧方式：四角切圆燃烧7）排渣方式：固态8）环境温度：20℃9）蒸汽流程：一次喷水减温二次喷水减温↓↓汽包→顶棚管→低温对流过热器→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器冷段→高温对流过热器热段→汽轮机10）烟气流程：炉膛→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器→低温对流过热器→高温省煤器→高温空预器→低温省煤器→低温空预器五、燃料特性：（1）燃料名称：平顶山烟煤（2）煤的收到基成分漏风系数和过量空气系数水分灰分碳氢氧氮硫收到基低位发热量干燥无灰基挥发分空气干燥基水分可磨性系数变形温度软化温度融化温度AarHarOarNarSarQpnetar..VdafMadKkmt1t2t315.02348.33.38.60．81.018645413.11.6123012801340MarCar（3）确定锅炉的基本结构采用单锅筒∏型布置，上升烟道为燃烧室及凝渣管。水平烟道布置两级悬挂对流过热器。布置两级省煤器及两级管式空气预热器。整个炉膛全部布满水冷壁，炉膛出口凝渣管簇由锅炉后墙水冷壁延伸而成，在炉膛出口处采用由后墙水冷壁延伸构成的折焰角，以使烟气更好的充满炉膛。采用光管水冷壁。对流过热器分两级布置，由悬挂式蛇形管束组成，在两级之间有锅炉自制冷凝水喷水减温装置，由进入锅炉的给水来冷却饱和蒸汽制成凝结水，回收凝结放热量后再进入省煤器。省煤器和空气预热器采用两级配合布置，以节省受热面，减少钢材消耗量。锅炉采用四根集中下降管，分别供水给12组水冷壁系统。燃烧方式采用四角布置的直流燃烧器。根据煤的特性选用中速磨煤机的负压直吹系统次风序号名称漏风系数符号出口过量空气系数符号结果1制粉系统0．1△aZF2炉膛0．05△aLaL1．23屏、凝渣管0△aPNaPN1．24高温过热器0．0025△aGGaGG1.2255低温过热器0．025△aDGaDG1.2506高温省煤器0．02△aSSaSS1.2707高温空气预热器0．05△aSKaSK1.3208低温省煤器0．02△aXSaXS1.3409低温预热器0.05△aXKaXK1.390图1.1锅炉本体结构简图第一章、辅助计算1、1锅炉的空气量计算在负压下工作的锅炉机组，炉外的冷空气不断漏入炉膛和烟道内，致使炉膛和烟道各处的空气量、烟气量、温度和焓值相应的发生变化。对于炉膛和烟道各处实际空气量的计算称为锅炉的空气平衡量、在锅炉热力计算中，常用过量空气系数来说明炉膛和烟道的实际空气量。锅炉空气量平衡见表11、2燃料燃烧计算1）燃烧计算：需计算出理论空气量、理论氮容积、RO2容积、理论干烟气容积、理论水蒸汽容积等。计算结果见表表1-1燃烧计算表序号项目名称符号数值单位（标准状况下）计算公式及数据结果1理论空气量V06.0346m3/kg0.0889(Car+0.375Sar)+0.265Har-0.0333Oar6.061165752理论氮容积V0N24.7746m3/kg0.8*Nar/100+0.79V04.7955209433R02容积VRO21.0895m3/kg1.866*Car/100+0.7*Sar/1001.095114理论干烟气容积V0gy5.8641m3/kgV0N2+VRO25.8906309435理论水蒸气容积V0H2O0.5955m3/kg11.1*Har/100+1.24*Mar/100+1.61dkV00.5950847696飞灰份额αfh查表2-40.92dk0.01kg/kg2）烟气特性计算：需要计算出各受热面的烟道平均过量空气系数。干烟气容积、水蒸汽容积，烟气总容积、RO2容积份额、三原子气体和水蒸汽容积总份额、容积飞灰浓度、烟气质量、质量飞灰浓度等。具体计算见表1-2烟气特性表序号项目名称符号单位（标准状况下）炉膛，屏凝渣管高过低过高温省煤器高温空预器低温省煤器低温空预器1受热面出口过量空气系数（查表1-5）α_1.21.2251.251.271.321.341.392烟道平均过量空气系数αpj_1.21.21251.23751.261.2951.331.3653干烟气容积V0gy+(αpj-1)v0Vgym3/kg7.07147.14687.29737.43347.64477.89088.06714水蒸气容积V0H2O+0.0161(αpj-1)V0VH2Om3/kg0.61490.61610.61860.62070.624150.62750.63095烟气总容积Vym3/kg7.68637.76297.91598.05458.26888.48348.6926Vgy+VH2O6RO2容积份额VRO2/VYrRO2_0.14180.14040.13760.13530.13180.12900.120547水蒸气容积份额VH2O/VyrH2O_0.08010.07930.07820.07710.07550.07390.07268三原子气体和水蒸汽溶剂总份额rRO2+rH20r_0.22180.21980.21580.21240.20730.20240.19799容积飞灰浓度10Aarαfh/Vyμνg/m330.6430.3429.7529.2428.4827.76327.07510烟气质量1-Aar/100+1.306αpjV0mykg/kg10.20110.30110.49210.6710.9511.22611.50211质量飞灰浓度αfhAar/(100m