高中英语语法填空解题技巧

Task1:BriefIntroduction•概况•能力要求•考查方式•解题方向•解题步骤语法填空题—概况在广东高考英语试题中，取消单项选择题，改为语法填空题，即在一篇约180多词、难度适中的短文中有10个空格，要求按照句子的语法结构或括号内的具体要求完成词形变化、语法填空等。新题型对学生掌握语言点提出了新的要求。语法填空题—能力要求1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。语法填空题—考查方式语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类：自由填空类和提示性填空类，这两类考查的语言项目有所不同：①自由填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在复习这些语法要点的时候，可采取自由填空的练习进行训练。②提示性填空类。考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、情态动词、冠词等。语法填空题—解题方向•从语法角度去考虑，填的是语法词，包括功能词和词形变换两个方面。•不限定一个词。语法填空题—解题步骤•1、浏览全文把握语篇•2、边读边填先易后难•3、验证复查清除难点解题技巧在做题过程中，要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。1、如果空格后是名词（尤其是单数名词），就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。解题技巧2、相反，如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否有所有格形式等。解题技巧3.1)填动词。一定要考虑动词的时态和语态，所以动词形式的变化也是必不可少的。如果空格前是助动词（will,shall等）、情态动词（can,may,must等）或是动词加to的形式，则空格一定是。如果空格前是have的各种形式，则想到构成。如果空格前是be的各种形式，则想到用。动词原形完成时进行时态或被动语态解题技巧3.2）考查非谓语动词，包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式。如果与中心词是主动关系，；如果与中心词是被动关系，；动词不定式todo表示将来。一般用V-ing形式一般用V-ed形式解题技巧4.空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填形容词形式。形容词要根据上下文来确定意思，进而确定用哪个单词；有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配来确定；有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式，让你填出形容词的形式。解题技巧5.缺少介词。介词可位于名词之前。如atnight,onSunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如beinterestedin,begoodat等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listento,arriveat,lookfor等。解题技巧6.从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表示递进：because,forsince等；so,therefore,hence,thus等；further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等；but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though,actually,practically等。表示转折：表示结果：表示原因：解题技巧7、当句中主、谓、宾成分都不缺少时，则应考虑是否缺少副词来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。常见的副词有：always,usually,never,sometimes,not,hard,quite,very,still,almost,already等。解题技巧8、从语境考虑，有时需要用情态动词表示特定的语气或感情。•IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.•Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.•Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.Let’shaveatry:(whole)Clue?astory???Style:•IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonorofreceivingme33aguestintheirhouse.Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto35smalltownsome20kilometresaway36therewasagarage.brokewhoassettledawhere________________________________________________•Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess'scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.37villagersbroughtmegoat'scheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.•Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman39thetroubleIhadcaused40.OthermerrilyforherGrammaritemsNumbersofitems1.动词/非谓语动词2(31.broke34.settled)2.引导词2(32.who36.where)3.prep.(介词)2(33.as39.for)4.adj.（形容词）1(37.Other)5.adv.(副词)1(38.merrily)6.pron.(代词)1(40.her)7.article(冠词)1(35.a)真题分析与研究Determiner(限定词):Articles(冠词):Conj.(连词)Partofspeech(词性),others:v.(-ing,todo,done)非谓语n./v./adj./adv./prefix/suffixNounclauses,（what,if,whether…）Adverbialclause,(when,where,why…)Attributiveclause(which,who,that,whose…)等各种从句some,whole,any,otherindefinitearticles不定冠词(a/an)definitearticle定冠词(the)Pron.(代词)I,me,my,mine,myself转折,并列,递进……引导词考点ExamplesWow,Itestyounow!句子成分划分Focuson(聚焦语言点)SoonafterDaveleftcollege,oneofhisuncles,whowasrichandhadnochildrenofhisowndiedandleftDavealotofmoney,sohedecidedtosetuphisownrealestateagency.Hefoundaniceoffice,boughtsomenewfurnitureandmovedin.Hehadonlybeenthereforafewhourswhenheheardsomeonecomingtowardsthedoorofhisoffice.“It’smyfirstcustomer!”hethought.HequicklypickedupthetelephoneandpretendedtobeverybusyansweringanimportantcallfromsomeoneinNewWorkwhowantedtobuyabigandexpensivehouseinthecountry.Themanknockedatthedoorwhilethiswasgoingon,cameinandwaitedpolitelyfortheagenttofinishhisconversation.Thenhesaidtohim,“I’mfromthetelephonecompany,andIwassentheretoconnectyourtelephone.”(Pron.)引导词(parallel,tenseagreement)(Determiner)限定词(ordinalnumber)(-ing)(非谓语动词)(Conj.)(Voice)(Adv.)(Article)(Prep.)(Phrases)phrasesTask3:DiscoveryofmethodstoimproveGrammaticalClozeTests(bydiscussing)讨论结论(method)从另一个角度思考如何提高语法填空的能力Conclusion(method):1.vocabularies:2.sentences:3.prep./conj.:4.bymeansof“cloze”5.moreexcisesa.partofspeech(n./v./adj./adv.)learnanduseb.prefix/suffixanalyzestructures(long,difficult)Task4:ExplorationPractice(designing)Read