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121113114012225009。[1]。、。80“”[2-3]。1。0.1％。5.0％[4]。1234。、、、。、、、。。。2。、、、、。Watson2040。2050CO2。2060C460。Bonner。。。1976Moss[5]CO2。。90%~95%1.5％~2.0％3.0％~5.0％。。。C3C4200952009－05－115··20095C3C4。C3C4C4。207080McDonald、、。、C4、CO2C3C4。。。1997[6]。“”integratedphoto－syntheticcapacity。。。3、、、、。CO2、、。。。3.13.1.1。、。2003[7]4QTLqFLA-1、qFLA-2、qFLA-3qFLA-12。2008[8]5QTL。[9][Nipponbare×Kasalath]×NipponbareBILs2005、20067d、QTL。1QTL1QTL。。。1。13rl1、rl2、rl3、rl4、rl5、rl6(t)、rl7、rl8、rl9(t)、rl(t)、rl10、Rl-A2、OsAGO7。CO2N、CO2、。、、。。。。。6··。erectpanicleEP。。、、。3.1.2LAIPmax。。、。[10]。PmaxLAI。。LAI。。Lemont、、。1987LemontLemont/。Lemont/、、[11-12]。3.1.3、。。。ygl1“249”。YGL15a。ygl1hm26.76t[13]。、OsCAO1/2、OsCHLH、OsCHLD、Os－CHLI、Nyc1、Cde1t、Sgr。3.2、、、、。。F1。。OryzarufipogonO.sati－va60%[14]。。1994Yeo20CO2。。IRRI8200957··42μmol/m2·s。2003。。、R2=0.9842*[15]。。3.3。DNA[16]。[17]29.2％~131.7％84.0％。3.4C42060CO2。CO2C3、C4。C4C3。C4、、C3、、。C4CO2、、C3。C4C3[18]。2070C3C4“”02428。。3.510C4C3。KuC4PEPCphospho－enolpyruvatecarboxylase、PPDKpyruvateorthophos－phatedikinase、MENADP-mailcenzymeC3[19]。PEPCPEPC[300.06~880.80μmol/mg·h]7.5~22.00.0520~0.052449.7%~73.3%CO216.2%~17.6%、、。。3.5.1PEPCPEPC。C3C4OAAPEPCC4。PEPCC4CO2。C4PEPCPEPC10kDa。PEPC4C4、C3、CAM。C4PEPC。C4PEPC[20]。1999Ku[19]PEPCPEPC。、CO210%~30%。2002PEPC、、Kitaake14.9%、5.7%、1.3%13.9%。PEPC、、CO2。200958··20095。3.5.2PPDKPPDKC4。C4CAM。CO2PEP。。PPDK。C4CAMPPDKC3。C3PPDK。PPDK12kb19PPDK5.9kb。KuC4PPDK。2004PEPC＋PPDKKi－taake29.1%27%。2006[22]PPDKIR64、、。2008PEPC+PPDKPCRC4C4C4。ATPATPPEPC+PPDK17%12%。15%。ATPC4C4[23]。3.5.3MEmalicenzymeME。C4bundlesheathchloroplastNADP-MECO2RubiscocrassulaceanacidmetabolismCAMNADP-ME。C3NADP-MEplantdefensereactions/stressresponsesNADP-ME[24]。C4。。4。。。、。、、、、。。。。。、、、、、、。、、、。[1].[J].19981647-9.[2].[J].2008226650-657.[3].[J].2006231-13.[4]BrownRHJHBouton.Physiologyandgeneticsofinterspecifichybridsbetweenphotosynthetictypes[J].AnnuRevP1antPhysiolP1ant.MolBiol199344435-456.[5]MossDM.1976.EvidenceforC4photosynthesisinbarleypericarp9··20095tissue[J].BiochemBiophysResCommun7041198-1203.[6].[J].199730328-35.[7].QTL[J].2003173219-222.[8].[J].2008249186-191.[9].QTL[J].2008242114-122.[10]TsunodaS.Adjustmentofphotosynthetisstructuresinthreestepsofriceevolution[M].TokyoJapanScientificSosietiesPress/Else－vier198489-115.[11].[J].1995378641-651.[12].[J].199730328-35.[13].[J].2007l96614-615.[14].[J].2000273227-234.[15].[J].2003292216-221.[16].[J].20052112166-169.[17].[J].2004630-33.[18].C4[J].200534550-556.[19]MauriceSBKuSakaeAgarieMikaNomura.Highlevelexpres－sionofmaizephosphenolpyruvatecarboxylaseintransgenicriceplants[J].NatureBiotechnology19991776-80.[20].PEPC[J].2002282145-153.[21].PEPC[J].2008245559-564.[22]SwapanK.Datta.PPDKIR64[J].200646797-804.[23].PEPC+PPDK[J].200841103008-3014[24]ChengYXLongM.AcytosolicNADP-malicenzymegenefromriceOryzasativaL.conferssalttoleranceintransgenicArabidop－sis[J].BiotechnolLett.2007291129-1134.··20092009026200902720090282009029200903020090312009032200903320090342009035200903620090372009038200903920090402009041200904220090432009044200904520090462009047711399186153683683683816739786973697125Y101283/922//1//253////////OR-11/////1174A/PI312777//354A×9918A×615A×36813A×368A×368A×R3811A×67397A×R808697A×R13697A×R8125Y58S×R1011S×A×R283d108.5110.0107.0105.5109.0111.5109.0113.5109.0107.5111.5112.0117.0118.0127.5111.5109.5110.5109.0111.0111.0117.0kg/667m2427.56426.53415.44428.62417.23458.11438.53404.90400.88469.70484.75508.90491.75443.95441.70458.25488.90461.50471.10456.45516.90452.70kg/667m2413.17424.13413.27426.88402.23457.24433.64417.72396.54443.60453.50438.70453.90497.40437.60438.20433.40436.60416.20434.40466.70437.60!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!10··