罗经国版《新编英国文学简史(上)》第四章

2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun1知识目标：1.了解十五世纪的英国历史背景及社会发展状况。2.掌握十五世纪英国文学的特征。3.了解十五世纪英国的著名作家及其生平。4.阅读理解并正确评价十五世纪英国著名作家的代表作。重点阅读理解十五世纪英国著名作家的作品教学难点正确评价十五世纪英国著名作家的代表作2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun2Chapter4The15thcentury(1400–1550)I.Historicalbackground1.TheHundredYears’War(1337–1453)HenryVI--apuppetFrenchheroineJoanofArcIn1453,allEnglishterritoryinFrancewaslosttotheFrenchonlyCalaistoEnglishking2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun32.TheWaroftheRoses(1455–1485)aseriesofcivilwarsfoughtbetweenthetwogreatfamilies,bothofwhichclaimedtherighttotheEnglishthrone.Allnoblefamilieswereinvolvedinit.TheHouseofLancaster-redroseTheHouseofYork-whiteroseResult:HenryTudor(VII)marriedElizabethoftheHouseofYork-broughtcompromisebetweenthetwofamiliesandestablishedahighlyconsolidatedrule.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun43.ThediscoveryofAmericaandthenewsearoutesChristopherColumbus,1492,landedinAmericaVascodaGama,1497,roundthetipofAfricaandreachedIndiaJohnCabotandhissonSebastian,1498,providedthebasisfortheEnglishclaimtoNorthAmerica2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun54.ReformationofthechurchTudorMonarchsruledEnglandandWalesfor200yearsHenryVIIHenryVIII--6wives:divorce2,kill2,strugglefordivorceEdwardVIMaryTudorElizabethIHenryVIIItookdecisivemeasuretobreakawayfromtheChurchofRome.1534---passedtheActofSupremacy:asthesupremeheadonearth,thustheAnglicanChurchwasfounded2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun6Medievalliterature(continued):Ballad1.Ballad2.Textualstudy:1)RobinHoodandthethreesquires2)SirPatrickSpens2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun7Ballad:definitionAnanonymousnarrativepoempreservedbyoraltransmission.Usuallyinquatrainswithadistinctiveandmemorablerhyme,theballadusesiambictetrameterforthe1st&3rdlinesandiambictrimeterforthe2nd&4th.Ex:Theyoungsterwasclothedinscarletred,Inscarletfineandgay;Andhedidfriskitovertheplain,Andchantedaroundelay.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun8Quatrain:definitionApoemorstanzathatcontains4lineswithvariousrhymingpatterns.Ex:ItfellabouttheMartinmastime,Andagaytimeitwasthen,Whenourgoodwifegotpuddingstomake,Andshe’sboiledtheminthepan.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun9ThebasiccharacteristicsofballadsThebeginningisoftenabrupt:withoutanyintroductionofthecharactersandthebackgroundofthetaleTherearestrongdramaticelements:singleepisode,climax,intensityandimmediacyThestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandactionThethemeisoftentragic,thoughthereareanumberofcomicballadsTheballadmeterisused:four-linestanzasoddnumberedlineswith4feeteachevennumberedlineswith3feeteach2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun10SubjectmatteroftheballadsEnglishballads:theRobinHoodballadswarballad,bloodshedballad,superstitionballad,domesticaffairs,outlawry,love,sea,andborderballad.CollectionsofballadsBishopThomasPercy,ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetryProfessorF.J.Child,EnglishandScottishBallads2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun11Literatureinthe15thcentury1.PopularBalladsReviewthedefinitionandthemainfeatureofballads2.SirThomasMalory(1405–1471)TheDeathofArthur:compliedtogetherthestoriesofKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTablecontributiontothedevelopmentofEnglishproseleftalegacytolaterwritersthatmanyofthemusedassubjectmatterintheirwriting2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun123.EarlyEnglishplaysancientGreeceandRome,dramawasaformofentertainmentromancatholicchurchprohibitedit9thand10thcenturyallowedonlyforreligiousservices14thcenturydevelopedinto2kindsMysteryplays-arechieflybasedonstoriesformtheBibleMiracleplays-areonthelivesofChristiansaints2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun13ThesetwonamesareusedtodesignatethereligiousdramawhichdevelopedamongChristiannationsattheendoftheMiddleAges.ItshouldbenotedthatthewordmysteryhasoftenbeenappliedtoallChristiandramaspriortothesixteenthcentury,whereasitshouldbeconfinedtothoseofthefifteenthcentury,whichrepresentthegreatdramaticeffortanteriortotheRenaissanceBeforethisperioddramaticpieceswerecalledplaysormiracles.Theembryonicrepresentations,atfirstgivenintheinteriorofthechurches,havebeendesignatedasliturgicaldramas.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun14Textualstudy:BalladsofRobinHoodItwaspopularinthesecondhalfofthe14thC.Origin：theballadsarebasedontheperpetualstrugglesofthepeasantsagainstthelandlordsandlocalofficial.(peasantuprising).ThecharacterofRobinHoodHeisapartlyhistoricalandpartlylegendarycharacter.Heismany-sided.Heisstrong,brave,clever,tender-heartedandaffectionate.Hehatesthenobleclassandlovesthelow-classpeople.However,heisdevoutandorthodoxinreligion;inaddition,heshowsreverencefortheking.Inspiteofthis,RobinHoodrepresentsthefightingspirit,indomitablecourageandrevolutionaryenergyoftheEnglishpeasantry2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun15Textualstudy:SirPatrickSpensStanza11)Whatisthekingdoingatthebeginningofthescene?2)Whatdoeshewanttodo?Stanza21)Whoansweredtheking?2)Whatdoeshetelltheking?2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun16Textualstudy:SirPatrickSpensStanza31)Whatdoesthekingdototheknight’ssuggestion?2)WhatisPatrickSpensdoingatthetime?Stanza41)WhatdoesPatrickSpensdoatthefirstsightoftheletter?2)Whatdoeshedoafterthat?2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun17Textualstudy:SirPatrickSpensStanza51)WhydoesSirPatrickSpensfeelthat