莎翁十四行诗赏析

2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun1WilliamShakespeare(2):SonnetSonnet:adefinitionTypesofsonnetTextualstudy:–Sonnet18–Sonnet292020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun2Sonnet:adefinitionAsonnetisafourteen-linepoeminiambicpentameter.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun3TypesofSonnetTherearemainlythreetypesofsonnet:–TheItalian(Petrarchan)sonnet–TheEnglish(Shakespearean,Elizabethan)sonnet–TheSpenseriansonnet2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun4Type1:thePetrarchansonnetStructure:anoctave(aneight-linestanza)followedbyansestet(asix-linestanza)Rhymescheme:abbaabbacdecdeor:abbaabbacdcdcdNote:Thistypeofsonnetisconstructedwithachangeofthoughtorturnbetweentheoctaveandthesestet,sothatthecontentandtheformareallied.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun5Type2:theShakespeareansonnetStructurethreequatrains(afour-linestanza)followedbyacouplet(apairofrhymedlines)RhymeschemeababcdcdefefggNoteShakespearewrote154sonnets.Thefirst126sonnetsarededicatedtoayoungman;sonnets127—152arededicatedtoa“darklady”,andthefinaltwoareallegorical.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun6Type3:theSpenseriansonnetStructurethreequatrainsandacouplet,andthecoupletintroducesnewrhymesoundstothepoemRhymeschemetherhymeschemeinterconnectsthesoundofthethreequatrains:ababbcbccdcdee2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun7Textualstudy:sonnet18Whatisthestructure?Whatisthemeterlike?Whatisitsrhymescheme?Whatisthethemeofthissonnet?2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun8ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?“Thee”inthislinemeans“you”.Thesonnetbeginswithaquestion:howcanIcompareyoutoasummer’sday?Andtheanswertothequestionfollowsupinthenextline.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun9ThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperateYouaremorelovely,youaremoregentle.Theyouth'sbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.Hereinthisline,“moretemperate”meansmoregentle,morerestrained.Whydidthepoetsayyouaremorelovelyandmoregentlethanthesummer’sday?Thefollowinglinesgivetheanswer:2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun10RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMayToday,themonthof“May”maybeconsideredasamonthinlatespring,butinShakespeare’stime,Maywasasummermonth,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthetruesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favoriteflowers.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun11Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadateHeretheword“lease”isalegalterm.Itmeansthedurationofacontractgrantinguseoroccupationofpropertyduringaspecifiedperiodinexchangeforaspecifiedrent.Wetwohaveacontract.Youcanusemypenfor10days,andyouwillhavetogiveme2yuanfortheuseofit.Andthedurationofthisoneweekiscalledalease.Theoverallmeaningofthislineis“summer’stimeistooshort.”2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun12SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshinesSometime=onoccasion,sometimes;Theeyeofheaven=thesunSometimesthesunofheavenissohotthatitwillscorch.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun13Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmedhisgoldcomplexion=his(thesun's)goldenface,thegoldensunshine.Quiteoften,thesunshinewillbedimmed.When?--whenitiscloudyorovercast.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun14Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines“Everyfair”inthislinemeans“allthebeautifulthings”andthesecond“fair”inthephrase“fromfair”means“thepreviousstateofbeauty”.Thislinetellsusthat“allofthebeautifulthingsoccasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressentialpreviousstateofbeauty.Theyalldeclinefromperfection.”2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun15Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed“Bychance”means“bychanceaccidents”“Bynature’schangingcourse”means“bythefluctuatingtidesofnature”.Thefluctuatingtimesofnaturearenotsubjecttocontrol,sothepoetsays“nature'schangingcourseuntrimmed”.Theword“untrimmed”inthislineisambiguous–thiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackofornamentanddecoration.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun16Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade“Thyeternalsummer”refersforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,throughhisverse.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun17Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'stow'st=ownest,possess.Youreternalsummerwillnotloseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.Norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun18Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade“brag”means“boast”,and“hisshade”means“theshadeofdeath.”Inclassicalliteraturetheshadeofdeathflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.Here,Shakespearesays:deathwillnotboastsofhisconquestsoveryourlife.Deathcannotmakeyoudie.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun19Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'stineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.totimethougrow'st–youkeeppacewithtime,yougrowastimegrows.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun20Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescanseeForaslongashumansliveandbreatheupontheearth,foraslongasthereareseeingeyesontheearth.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun21Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee“This”inthislinereferstothepoembythepoet.Aslongasthispoemofminewillbethere,itwillgiveyoulife;itwillmakeyourbeautyeverlasting.Summerisshort,butmypoemisimmortal,myimmortalpoemwillmakeyouimmortal.2020/5/11PreparedbyTonySun22Sonnet18paraphrasedHowcanIcompareyoutoasummer’sday?Youaremorelovelyandmoregentle:Wildwindtakeoffthetenderbuddingin