高层建筑火灾风险评估

摘要--I摘要本文对高层建筑火灾进行了分析,包括高层建筑火灾的特点、火灾的发展过程、蔓延途径、两类火灾危险源分析及其危害,是认识高层建筑火灾过程的基本理论,为火灾的风险评价的研究奠定基础。针对高层建筑火灾的特点,根据系统性、科学性、稳定可操作性等原则建立了高层建筑火灾风险评价指标体系,并分别对各级指标进行了说明。应用层次分析法和古斯塔夫法对高层建筑火灾风险评估。根据层次分析评价法的原理建造了高层建筑火灾风险评价的综合评价模型。评价模型中的指标权重采用层次分析法（AHP）来确定,层次分析法(AHP)计算出评价指标体系中各个因素的权重值。古斯塔夫法引入无量纲系数对建筑物火灾危险度GR和建筑物内人员危险度IR进行分析，计算综合火灾危险度,然后综合两种分析法进行评估。从评价结果可知，笔者认为古斯塔夫法更适合运用于高层建筑火灾风险评估。本研究能为高层建筑的性能化防火设计和安全管理提供有效依据，从而预测和防止火灾事故发生，具有一定的现实意义。关键词:高层建筑,火灾,风险评价,指标体系,层次分析法，古斯塔夫法吉林建筑工程学院本科毕业设计--IIAbstractInthispaper,thehighbuildingfireareanalyzed,includinghighbuildingfire,firethecharacteristicsofthedevelopmentprocess,thespreadoffirehazardistheway,twoanalysisanditsharm,istheunderstandingoftheprocessofhighbuildingfirebasictheory,thefireriskassessmentstudylaythefoundation.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofhighbuildingfire,accordingtoanewsystematic,scientific,stableoperationprincipleandestablishedthehigh-risebuildingfireriskevaluationindexsystem,anddifferentindicatorsfortheshowatalllevels.Usingtheahpmethodandgustaveofhigh-risebuildingfireriskassessment.Accordingtotheprincipleofhierarchyevaluationmethodtobuildhigh-risebuildingfireriskassessmentofcomprehensiveevaluationmodel.Evaluationmodeloftheindexweightusedtheanalytichierarchyprocess(AHP)todetermine,analytichierarchyprocess(AHP)calculatedtheevaluationindexsystemofdifferentfactorsintheweights.GustavemethodisintroducedintothedimensionlesscoefficientsonthebuildingfireriskwithinthebuildingstaffriskGRandIRanalysis,calculationcomprehensivefirerisk.Thencombinedthetwoanalysisfortheevaluation.Theevaluationresultsfromthat,theauthorthinksthatthemethodismoresuitableforusegustafinhigh-risebuildingsfireriskassessment.Thisstudyofhigh-risebuildingforperformance-basedfireprotectiondesignandsafetymanagementtoprovideeffectivebasis,thustheMeasureandpreventfireaccidenthappened,hassomeoftherealisticsignificanceKeywords:High-risebuildings,fire,riskevaluationindexsystem,AHP,GustavFrance目录--I目录摘要.............................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...................................................................................................................II第1章绪论..............................................................................................................11.1火灾..................................................................................................................11.1.1火灾的危害...............................................................................................11.1.2高层建筑火灾的形势...............................................................................11.2高层建筑火灾评估现状..................................................................................31.2.1国外评估现状...........................................................................................31.2.2国内火灾风险评估现状...........................................................................51.3高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的和意义..........................................................71.3.1高层建筑火灾风险评估的目的...............................................................71.3.2高层建筑火灾风险评估的意义...............................................................71.4高层建筑火灾风险评估方法概述..................................................................81.4.1定性分析法...............................................................................................91.4.2半定量分析法...........................................................................................91.4.3定量分析法.............................................................................................101.5高层建筑火灾风险评估课题的分析研究与计划........................................111.5.1课题研究内容.........................................................................................111.5.2计划路线.................................................................................................12第2章高层建筑火灾分析....................................................................................132.1高层建筑的火灾事故特点............................................................................132.2高层建筑火灾的发生和发展过程................................................................152.2.1初期增长阶段.........................................................................................152.2.2充分发展阶段.........................................................................................162.2.3减弱阶段.................................................................................................162.3高层建筑火灾传播的方式............................................................................172.4高层建筑火灾的蔓延途径............................................................................172.4.1火灾在水平方向的蔓延.........................................................................182.4.2其他蔓延途径.........................................................................................202.5高层建筑火灾中的危险源及其危害............................................................202.5.1第一类危险源及其危害.........................................................................202.5.2第二类危险源及其危害............................................