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诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政动词不定式的几个问题三里畈高中杨波诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政一、动词不定式的优势：可以作除了谓语动词以外的所有成分;动词不定式的缺陷：只能表示“将来和未发生”。二、动词不定式的时态和语态：时态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前forsb.;to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政三、动词不定式的功能：1．名词、形容词、副词。2.可作成分：除谓语以外的所有成分。（1）作主语：1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.（形式主语问题）（2）作表语1.Yourjobistowashdishes.2.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.★当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（3）作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装。主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮。准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;agree,ask/beg,help.prepare,threaten,tend,claim;desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政★少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.当句子中含有实义动词do（做）的某种形式或有情态动词修饰时,动词不定式省去to,否则不省.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbuttocry.Cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之间的不定式一般不带to,常翻译为“不得不”Icannotbutadmirehercourage.Hecannotchoosebutdoit.Icannothelpbutloveit.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（4）作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.A.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.B.不定式在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾语补足语时,不加to,help后可加可不加.在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（5）作主语补足语Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（6）作定语与所修饰词在逻辑上有以下几种关系Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系)不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（7）作目的状语to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。ShegotofftheraininBeijingtoseeafriend.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政（8）作结果状语不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，而且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofinditwasbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.HeseemstoknowFrench.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlookedathim.Heseemstohavereadthenovel.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisabouthowtostopthepollution.I’dliketohavebeentoldthenewsearlier.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政四、不定式的复合结构1.疑问词+不定式的复合结构Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政2.带有逻辑主语的结构It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.★Itisofsb.todo此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语★Itisforsb.todo此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政动词不定式中的几个难点诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政一、难记住的动词。一些谓语动词后只能接带to的不定式作宾语，这样的谓语动词大约40个，我们可以编成口诀来辅助记忆。口诀：决心学习想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。解析：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政二、难辨清的动词。有些谓语动词后既可以接不定式to又可以接动名词ing，但意义不相同。1.remember,forget,regret…接不定式表将来、未发生，译成“要……”；2.接动名词表已完成，译成“做过……”;IstillremembertotheShaolinTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken2009B.(答案D)2.trytodo表“设法、千方百计”，trydoing表“试着……”；3.stoptodo表“停止原来的事情去做另外的事情”，stopdoing表“停止做某事”；4.goontodo表“继续做另一事情”，goondoing表“继续做原来的事情”；“Somuchforthenewwordsandexpressions;let’sgoon_______thetext.”theteachersaidwithasmile.totalkaboutB,talkingaboutC,tobetalkingD,talkabout（答案A）5.meantodo表“想要……”,meandoing表“意思是、意味着”；诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政6.当want,require,need，demand,deserve，bear表示“需要、要求”等时，常用动名词的主动形式表被动意思，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式；Thisroomneeds_______.It’stooshabby.paintB.paintingC.topainD.painted（答案B）7.onlytodo表“结果却……”,onlydoing表“结果是……”；8.can’thelptodo表“不能帮助做某事”，can’thelpdoing表“忍不住做某事”；9.情感动词like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等接todo表“一次性动作”，接doing表“习惯性动作”。如：Ilikeshopping,butIdon’tliketogoshoppingtoday.10.need,dare在陈述句中作行为动词，后接todo,在疑问句和否定句中可作情态动词，后接动词原形。诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政三、作宾补时，在主动态中省掉to,在被动态中补起来的谓语动词。此类动词我们可以概括为：五看：lookat,see,watch,notice,observe;三使：let,make,have;二听：listento,hear;一感觉：feel.如：Thebossmadethemworkfrommorningtillnight.→Theyweremadetoworkfrommorningtillnight.诚勤健雅模板制作：陈勇华熊政四、介词but,except,besides，otherthan及动词hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrath