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英译汉缩写英文中文1ALUArithmeticandLogicUnit算术逻辑单元2CPUCentralProcessingUnit中央处理器3RAMRandomAccessMemory随机存取存储器4ROMRead-OnlyMemory只读存储器5CMOSComplementaryMetalOxideSemiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体6OSOperatingSystem操作系统7OOPLObject-orientedProgrammingLanguage面向对象的程序设计语言8OOPObjectOrientedProgramming面向对象编程9DDLDataDefinitionLanguage数据定义语言10DMLDataManipulationLanguage数据操纵语言11SQLStructuredQueryLanguage结构化查询语言12LANLocalAreaNetwork局域网13MANMetropolitanAreaNetwork城域网14WANWideAreaNetwork广域网15TCPTransmissionControlProtocol传输控制协议16IPInternetProtocol网络协议17HTTPHypertextTransferProtocol超文本传输协议18DNSDomainNameSystem域名系统19DBMSDatabaseManagementSystem数据库管理系统汉译英中文英文中文英文中文英文主板motherboard模块module桥bridge内存memory封装，封闭，密封encapsulation交换机switch存储设备storagedevice多态（现象）polymorphism路由器router存储，存储器storage继承inheritance协议protocol编译程序compiler自定义customize应用层application汇编程序assembler行row表示层presentation解释程序interpreter列column会话层session即插即用PlugandPlay字段field传输层transport应用软件applicationsoftware信息检索informationretrieval网络层network字处理软件wordprocess电子商务E-Commerce&E-Business数据链路层datalink换行wordwrap动态网页dynamicwebpage物理层physical函数function中间件middlewareWeb客户机/服务器webclient/server图表向导ChartWizard网络拓扑结构networktopology万维网/因特网theweb/internet版式layout网卡networkinterfacecardIP地址/域名系统IPaddress/domainnamesystem幻灯片slide转发器repeater因特网服务servicesprovidedbyinternet动画animation集线器hub演示文稿软件Presentationgraphics翻译&简答第一单元1）Themotherboardisthecommunicationswebfortheentirecomputersystem.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。2）Thecentralprocessingunit(CPU)isthe“brain”ofthecomputer.译:中央处理单元，即CPU，是计算机的“大脑”3）CPUconsistsoftwofunctionalunits:thecontrolunitandthearithmetic-logicunit.译:CPU有两个功能单元：控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。4）Acomputerisafastandaccuratesystemthatisorganizedtoaccept,storeandprocessdata,andproduceresultsunderthedirectionofastoredprogram.5）译:计算机是快速而精准的系统，它用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。6）Whenpeopleusetheterm“memory”inreferencetocomputers,theyarealmostalwaysreferringtothecomputer’smainmemory(orprimarymemory)calledrandomaccessmemoryorRAM,whichiscomprisedofchipsattachedtothemotherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。7）RAMholdstheprogramanddatathattheCPUispresentlyprocessing.译:RAM存储计算机正在加工的程序和数据。8）Howmanycategoriescancomputerhardwarebedividedinto?答:Computerhardwarecanbedividedintofourcategories:CPU,storagedevices,inputdevicesandoutputdevices.译:计算机硬件可以分为四个部分：中央处理器、存储设备、输入和输出设备。9）Doyouknowthemaintypesofmemory?Whatarethey?答:Therearethreewell-knowntypesofmemorychips:random-accessmemory(RAM),read-onlymemory(ROM),andcomplementarymetal-oxidesemiconductor(CMOS).译:有三类众所周知的内存条：随机存取存储器（RAM）、只读存储器（ROM）和互补金属-氧化半导体（CMOS）。第二单元1）Therearethreetypesoflanguagetranslators:assembler,compilerandinterpreter.译:语言翻译器有三种：汇编程序，编译程序和解释程序。2）Themainfunctionsofoperatingsystems:jobmanagement,memorymanagementanddevicemanagement.译:操作系统的主要功能：工作管理、内存管理和设备管理。3）Whatissoftware?Howmanykindsisitdividedinto?答:①Acomputermustbesuppliedwithinstructionssothatitknowshowtoperformtasks.Theseinstructionsarecalledsoftware.②Computersoftwarecangenerallybedividedintobasickinds:systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.②译:计算机软件通常被分为两类：系统软件和应用软件。4）Doyouknowthemainkindsofsystemsoftware?Whatarethey?答:Systemsoftwareismadeupoffourkindsofprograms:operatingsystem,utilities,devicedriversandlanguagetranslators.译:系统软件分为四类：操作系统，实用程序，设备驱动程序和语言翻译器。5）Howmanytypesofparagraphalignment?Pleaselistthem.答:Therearefivetypesofparagraphalignment:justified,centered,left,rightanddistributed.译:段落对齐有五种类型：两端对齐、居中、左对齐、右对齐和分散对齐。6）Inaworksheet,ifwewanttochangedataintocharts,whatfunctionshouldweuse?答:UseChartWizard.第三单元1）Traditionally,computerprogramminglanguagesaredividedintofourlevels,whichareasfollows:machinelanguage,assemblylanguage,high-levellanguages,andobject-orientedprogramminglanguages.译:传统上将计算机程序设计语言划分为4个级别，它们是：机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言、面向对象的程序设计语言。2）Sowecansaymachinelanguageisthelanguagemadeupofbinary-codedinstructionsthatisuseddirectlybythecomputer.译:所以，我们可以说，机器语言是一种由二进制代码指令所组成的，由计算机直接使用的语言。3）Whatlanguageistheonlylanguagethatacomputercanidentifyandcarryoutdirectly?答:Machineistheonlylanguagethatacomputercanidentifyandcarryoutdirectly.4）WhatarethecharacteristicsofJava?答:Javahasthefollowingfeatures:simple,object-oriented,distributed,interpreted,robust,secure,portable,platform-independent,andmultithreading.译:Java具有如下特征：简单性、面向对象、分布式、解释性、健壮、安全性、可移植性、平台无关性、多线程。第四单元1）Therelationaldatamodelrepresentsalldatainthedatabaseassimpletwo-dimensionaltablescalledrelations.译:关系数据模型用一种称之为关系的简单的二维表来表示数据库中的所有数据。2）Bydatamanipulation,wemean:Theretrievalofinformationstoredinthedatabase.Theinsertionofnewinformationintothedatabase.Thedeletionofinformationfromthedatabase.Themodificationofinformationstoredinthedatabase.译:数据操纵的意思是指：对存储在数据库中的信息进行检索。向数据库中插入新的信息。从数据库中删除数据。修改数据库中存储的信息。3）ExamplesofWebDatabasesinUse:Informationretrieval,E-CommerceandE-Business,DynamicWebpage.译:网络数据库使用示例：获取信息、电子商务、动态网页。4）The“dynamic”wordisusedwithWebsitestorefertocustomresultsindividualizedtoeachuserincontrasttothestaticWebpagesthatdonotchange.译:“动态”这个词与网站用在一起是指每个用户所得到的网页是个性化的，而不是一成不变的静态网页。5）Whatcanadatabasesimplybedefinedas?答:Adatabasecansimplybed