1974年国际海上人命安全公约(英文SOLAS)

TheeffectofIMOgoal-basednewshipconstructionstandardsonclassificationsocietiesHeikeHoppeSeniorTechnicalOfficerMaritimeSafetyDivision,IMOIACSNon-governmentalorganizationinconsultativestatuswithIMOsince1969IMOandclassificationsocietyrequirementsSOLASregulationII-1/3-1“Inadditiontotherequirementscontainedelsewhereinthepresentregulations,shipsshallbedesigned,constructedandmaintainedincompliancewiththestructural,mechanicalandelectricalrequirementsofaclassificationsocietywhichisrecognizedbytheAdministrationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofregulationXI/1orwithapplicablenationalstandardsoftheAdministrationwhichprovideanequivalentlevelofsafety.”MSC/Circ.788A.739(18)-GuidelinesfortheauthorizationofrecognizedorganizationsactingonbehalfofAdministrationsA.789(19)-SpecificationsonthesurveyandcertificatefunctionsofrecognizedorganizationsactingonbehalfoftheAdministrationMSC/Circ.710-ModelagreementfortheauthorizationofrecognizedorganizationsactingonbehalfoftheAdministrationWhatdoesgoal-basedmean?Goal-based:“Peopleshallbepreventedfromfallingovertheedgeofacliff.”Prescriptive:“Youshallinstalla1metrehighrailattheedgeofthecliff.”HistoryC89(2002)FirstproposalMSC77(2003)NewitemC90(2003)StrategicPlanA23(2003)Long-termworkplanMSC78(2004)5-tiersystemagreedMSC79(2004)KeyissuesagreedBasic5-tiersystemTierIGoals(safetyobjectives)TierIIFunctionalrequirementsTierIIIVerificationofcompliancecriteriaTierIVTechnicalproceduresandguidelines,classificationrules,industrystandardsTierVCodesofpracticeandsafetyandqualitysystemsforshipbuilding,shipoperation,maintenance,training,manning,etc.GBSbasicprinciplesbroad,over-archingstandardsthatshipsarerequiredtomeetduringtheirlifecycle;therequiredleveltobeachievedbytherequirementsappliedbyclasssocieties,otherROs,AdministrationsandIMO;clear,demonstrable,verifiable,longstanding,implementableandachievable,irrespectiveofshipdesignandtechnology;specificenoughinordernottobeopentodifferinginterpretationsTierIgoalsadequatestrength,integrityandstabilityconstructedofmaterialsforenvironmentallyacceptabledismantlingandrecyclingprovidingforsafeaccess,inspectionandpropermaintenancefitforenvisagedoperatingandenvironmentalconditionslastingforaspecifieddesignlifeTierII-FunctionalrequirementsDesignII.1DesignlifeII.2EnvironmentalconditionsII.3StructuralstrengthII.4FatiguelifeII.5ResidualstrengthII.6ProtectionagainstcorrosionII.7StructuralredundancyII.8WatertightandweathertightintegrityII.9DesigntransparencyTierII-FunctionalrequirementsConstructionII.10ConstructionqualityproceduresII.11SurveyTierII-FunctionalrequirementsIn-serviceconsiderationsII.12MaintenanceII.13StructuralaccessibilityTierIII–VerificationRulesforRules,notforshipsVerificationauthorityVerificationprocessAcceptancecriteriaGuidelinesforverificationTierIVTechnicalproceduresandguidelines,classificationrulesandindustrystandardsIMOrequirementsAdministrationrequirementsClassrequirementsTierVCodesofpracticeandsafetyandqualitysystemsforshipbuilding,shipoperation,maintenance,training,manning,etc.IndustrystandardsIndustrypracticesVerificationandclass4basicsteps:rulesofclassmeetGBSshipdesignmeetsclassrulesshipconstructionmeetsclassrulesshipmeetsrulesthroughoutlifeVerificationprocessIMOGroupofExpertsVerificationcriteriaReview/auditofclassrulesReview/auditreportClassrulechangesIACSCSRIACSCommonStructuralRulesforBulkCarriersIACSCommonStructuralRulesforDoubleHullOilTankers