高考英语阅读理解精品练习(2)

-1-2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（2）及答案（解析）C7[2013·重庆卷]EItiswidelyknownthatanyEnglishconversationbeginswithTheWeather.SuchafixationwiththeweatherfindsexpressioninDr.Johnson'sfamouscommentthat“WhentwoEnglishmeet,theirfirsttalkisofweather.”ThoughJohnson'sobservationisasaccuratenowasitwasovertwohundredyearsago,mostcommentatorsfailtocomeupwithaconvincingexplanationforthisEnglishweather－speak.BillBryson,forexample,concludesthat，astheEnglishweatherisnotatallexciting，theobsessionwithitcanhardlybeunderstood.Hearguesthat“Toanoutsider，themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.”Simply,thereasonisthattheunusualandunpredictableweatherisalmostunknownintheBritishIsles.JeremyPaxman,however,disagreeswithBryson,arguingthattheEnglishweatherisbynatureattractive.Brysoniswrong,hesays，becausetheEnglishpreferencefortheweatherhasnothingtodowiththenaturalphenomena.“Theinterestislessinthephenomenathemselves,butinuncertainty.”Accordingtohim,theweatherinEnglandisverychangeableanduncertainanditattractstheEnglishaswellastheoutsider.BrysonandPaxmanstandforcommonmisconceptionsabouttheweather－speakamongtheEnglish.Bothcommentators,somehow,aremissingthepoint.TheEnglishweatherconversationisnotreallyabouttheweatheratall.Englishweather－speakisasystemofsigns，whichisdevelopedtohelpthespeakersovercomethenaturalreserveandactuallytalktoeachother.Everyoneknowsconversationsstartingwithweather－speakarenotrequestsforweatherdata.Rather,theyareroutinegreetings，conversationstartersortheblank“fillers”.Inotherwords,Englishweather－speakisameansofsocialbonding.72．TheauthormentionsDr.Johnson'scommenttoshowthat________．A．mostcommentatorsagreewithDr.Johnson-2-B．Dr.JohnsonisfamousforhisweatherobservationC．thecommentwasaccuratetwohundredyearsagoD．Englishconversationsusuallystartwiththeweather73．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsession”mostprobablyreferto?A．Asocialtrend.B．Anemotionalstate.C．Ahistoricalconcept.D．Anunknownphenomenon.74．Accordingtothepassage，JeremyPaxmanbelievesthat________．A．BillBrysonhaslittleknowledgeoftheweatherB．thereisnothingspecialabouttheEnglishweatherC．theEnglishweatherattractspeopletotheBritishIslesD．Englishpeopletalkabouttheweatherforitsuncertainty75．Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage?A．ToexplainwhatEnglishweather－speakisabout.B．ToanalysemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.C．TofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.D．ToconvincepeoplethattheEnglishweatherischangeable.【要点综述】本文通过对BillBryson和JeremyPaxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。72．D逻辑推断题。通过引用名人名言来说明英国人以天气为寒暄内容的现象很普遍。73．B词义推断题。BillBryson认为英国天气单一(thereisnotverymuchofit)不足以引起人们的情感响应，因此该词此处指的是“情感状态”。74．D细节理解题。倒数第二段中有“Theinterestislessinthephenomenathemselves,butinuncertainty.”(意思是：人们对英国气候的关注点不是气候本身，而是气候的不确定性。)由此可知答案。75．A写作目的题。通过对BillBryson和JeremyPaxman两人迥然不同的观点的陈述来阐明作者对英国人以天气为寒暄内容的见解。-3-(2011·江西九校联考，E)Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbors，evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr，whowrotethatwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoawoman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath，whetherillness,accidentorself­harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflip_side，however，aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse'sdeath，andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30­yearstudyofmorethan10,000people，NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex，affectedbysocio­economicfactors，healthserviceprovision，emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample，socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem，leadingtobetter,healthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner，childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays：“Peopleareinterconnected，sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”善于交际和拥有良好的婚姻关系和社会关系网络是长寿的良方。17．LindaWaite'sstudiessupporttheideathat________.A.oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthyB.marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealthC.themarriedarehappierthantheunmarriedD.unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife-4-答案：B。事实细节题。由第2段第2、3句“LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedma