Unit-5-Nelson-Mandela-grammar语法

Unit5GrammarAttributiveclause2Attributiveclause（定语从句）1.定义：复合句中修饰________或___________的成分。2.结构：__________+____________从句（定语从句跟在先行词后面）名词代词先行词关系词3.先行词：被从句修饰的名词或代词。4.关系词：指代_______,引导________,在从句中_________.先行词定语从句充当成分thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系代词：关系代词指人指物主语（subject）宾语（object）定语（attribute）thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas1.只用that的情况：1)先行词是不定代词（anything,something,few,alletc.）或被every,any,all等词修饰。2)先行词被序数词修饰。3)先行词被最高级修饰。4)先行词被thevery或theonly修饰。5)先行词前面出现了who,which等疑问代词。6)先行词中既有人也有物。1.Allactivities_______NelsonMandelaorganizedweretochangetheinequality.2.Thefirstthing________EliasdidforNelsonMandelawasblowingupsomebuildings.3.InElias’opinion,NelsonMandelawasthegreatestperson_______devotedhislifetoequality.4.Eliaswasnottheonlyone_______joinedtheANCYouthLeague.5.Whoistheperson_______gaveuparichlifeforthefreedomofIndia?6.Canyourememberthescientistandhistheory(理论)_______weoftentalkabout?thatthatthatthatthatthat2.只用which的情况：1)用于非限定性定语从句，修饰整个句子NeilArmstronglandedonthemooninJuly1969,________wasonegiantleapformankind.2)关系词指物，且前面有介词NormanBethuneworkedselflesslyinChinaduringWorldWarII,for______Chinesepeopleweregrateful.SunYat-senfoundedthefirstRepublicin1912,for_______hewasrememberedbyall.Tip:修饰整个句子可以用which和as,as引导的从句位置灵活，which只能放在句末。as的动词固定搭配：see,know,remember,say,tell,expect,guess等aswe(all)know=asisknowntoall众所周知asIcanremember正如我所记得的asweexpect正如我们预料的那样asthesayinggoes俗话说whichwhichwhich3.who&whomwho和whom都指代人，who在定语从句中作主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语；如果关系词前出现了介词，那么只能用whom。•Theman_____________Eliasturnedto(求助于)wasNelsonMandela.•Thewomanwith______________Iwastravellingdidn’tspeakfluentSpanish.(who/whom/that)4.whose(…的)whose表示“…的”,既可以指人也可以指物。•Hesawahouse_________windowswereallbroken.•Hereisabook_________cover(封面)isblue.•Isawagirl_________fatherwasalawyer.whomwhosewhosewhose1.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.(L.2)Para.12.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.(L.5)3.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.(L.7)Para.24.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.(L.9)5.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.(L.13)Para.36.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.(L.15)7.Untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(L.20)Para.48.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.(L.22)9.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.(L.22)10.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSA.(L.23)11.Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant…(L.25)12.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful.(L.26)relatives(关系词)exampleswhich省略whenwhere介词+which/whom12.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful.(L.26)8.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.(L.22)1.ThetimewhenIfirstMet…(L.2)5.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbook…(L.13)6.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedme…（L.15）4.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyears…(L.9)7.Untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostno…(L.20)10.Theplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolive…(L.23)2.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice(L.5)3.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.(L.7)9.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecided(L.22)11.Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeitherto…(L.25)whenwherewhy介词+which/whom关系词成分关系代词主语（that,which,who,as）宾语(that,which,who,whom,省略,as)定语（whose）关系副词地点状语（where）抽象地点/具体地点where…介词+which/whom2.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice(L.5)3.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.(L.7)9.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecided(L.22)11.Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeitherto…(L.25)介词+which介词+whichfor+which时间状语（when）theday/timewhen…原因状语（why）thereasonwhy…I’llneverforgetthetime_______whichweworkedonthefarm.Thisistheplace_______whichwefirstmet.Thereason________whichhewaslatewasunknown.duringinfor作状语，固定动词词组不能拆whenwherewhy介词+which/whom关系词成分关系代词主语（that,which,who,as）宾语(that,which,who,whom,省略,as)定语（whose）关系副词地点状语（where）抽象地点/具体地点where…介词+which/whom2.MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice(L.5)3.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.(L.7)9.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecided(L.22)11.Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeitherto…(L.25)介词+which介词+whichfor+which时间状语（when）theday/timewhen…原因状语（why）thereasonwhy…I’llneverforgetthetime_______whichweworkedonthefarm.Thisistheplace_______whichwefirstmet.Thereason________whichhewaslatewasunknown.duringinfor作状语，固定动词词组不能拆关系副词where表地点状语1）具体的地点2）抽象的地点：某种境况，某种地步4.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyears…(L.9)10.Theplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolive…(L.23)7.Untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostno…(L.20)e.g.situation(处境);point（界点）;stage（阶段）;case(情形)Homework