无人机自组网研究进展综述-卓琨

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1,1,1,2,1(1.710077;2.94188710077):(UAV)、,。、,MAC、、、、5,,。:;MAC;;doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015102ProgressofUAVAdHocNetwork:ASurveyZhuoKun1,ZhangHengyang1,ZhengBo1,2,QiYunjun1(1.InformationandNavigationCollege,AirForceEngineeringUniversity,Xi’an710077,China;2.Unit94188ofPLA,Xi’an710077,China)Abstract:WiththeemphasisoneffectiveutilizationofUAVofthenationalinterests,theupsurgeinmulti-UAVcooperativeapplicationdevelopmentandtherapiddevelopmentofAdHocnetworkapplicationresearch,UAVAdHocnetworkhasbecomeanewhotresearcharea.Thebasicconception,themaincharacteristicsandtheapplicationadvantagesoftheUAVAdHocnetworkweresummarizedfirstly,thenamoredetaileddescriptionoffiveimportantresearchtopicsofnetworkingtechnologywasgiven:MACprotocols,routingprotocols,transportprotocols,cross-layerprotocolsdesignandopportunisticnetworks.ThedevelopmentenvironmentofexperimentalplatformoftheresearchorganizationsonUAVAdHocnetworkwereintroduced,finallythechallengeswhichencounteredincurrentresearchandthekeyissuesneedtobesolvedwereinvestigated.Keywords:unnamedaerialvehicleAdHocnetwork,MACprotocol,routingprotocol,opportunisticnetwork:2015-02-04;:2015-04-10:(No.61202490),(No.2013ZC15008)FoundationItems:TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.61202490),TheNationalAerospaceScienceFoundationofChina(No.2013ZC15008):,,..,2015102ZhuoK,ZhangHY,ZhengB,etal.ProgressofUAVAdHocnetwork:asurvey.TelecommunicationsScience,20151021(unmannedaerialvehicle,UAV)、、,、。(multi-UAVsystem)、2015102-120154、,,,、。《》[1]《》[2](globalinformationgrid,GIG),。(UAVAdHocnetwork,UANET),(mobileAdHocnetwork,MANET)(vehicleAdHocnetwork,VANET),、,,、,,、,,。22.1,(networkofUAV)[3](unmannedaeronauticalAdHocnetwork,UAANET)[4],:,,,、,。,。、,、、,,,。2.2,、、,,。(1),[1],30~460km/h,,;,。(2),,,。,、、、;。,,。(3),mini。MANET,;GPS、,;。,,、,。(4)AdHoc,;,,,;,,;,、、,、、,QoS。(5)AdHoc、。MANETVANET,。,,;,。[5]UAV:,、;2015102-2(distributedpheromonerepelmobilitymodel,DPR),UAV,。[6]UAV,(semi-randomcircularmovement,SRCM),。[7]UAV、,(enhancedGauss-Markovmobilitymodel,EGM),GM(),,UAV。2.3(1),,。,,。(2)、,、,。。,,,。(3),,,,。(4)。、、、,,、。(5),、。、,、,。3,[8],。:·、,;·MAC,、;·,,;·,、;·,;·,、、,;·,、,。,。3.1MACMAC,。、MAC,、、、。,MAC1,。(1)MACMAC。MAC,2015102-320154、,IEEE802.11DCFMAC,CSMA/CA。MANETMACIEEE802.11[9],,RTS/CTS,。[10]IEEE802.11smesh,IEEE802.11s。[11],MACIEEE802.11DCF,。(2)MACMAC,。,,。(Token),[12]MAC,,MAC。[13]CDMA,MAC、,,。[14]AdHoc,TDMA,,。MAC,,1。1,MANETMAC,、,;、,、、,MAC(、),、、QoS、MAC。3.2MANET、VANET,、。2,。(1),、,。。[15](loadcarryanddeliverrouting,LCAD):,,,,。[16](datacentricrouting,DCR):1MACALOHACSMA/CATokenTDMA1MAC2015102-4,。“—”,,;,、。,。(2),,。,;,。SRIInternational[17],(topologybroadcastbasedonreverse-pathforwarding,TBRPF),。[18](directionaloptimizedlinkstaterouting,DOLSR),。[19]prediction-OLSR,GPS,。[20]3:(destination-sequenceddistance-vector,DSDV)、OLSR、hierarchical-OLSR,(、、、)。[21]ML-OLSR,OLSR,。(3),,,。[22](dynamicsourcerouting,DSR),,。[23],DSR。[24]UAV-DSR,RREQ;[25]REDSR,;[26]UEDSR,,。[27](AdHocon-demanddistancevector,AODV),22015102-520154,,,。[28]AODV,,、、。[29]AODV-NM,,。(4)、,。(zoneroutingprotocol,ZRP),、,。ZRP,[30],,,;[31],,trie,。[32](temporarilyorderedroutingalgorithm,TORA)RTORA,TORA。(5),,。,。[33]、,(greedyperimeterstatelessrouting,GPSR)。[34],GPSR。[35](geographicpositionmobilityorientedrouting,GPMOR),。[36],。[37]GPSR,、、,。,,2。,MANET。:,;,,GPSR,、QoS;、,、,、、。3.3,QoSLCAD1hop√××√×DCR1hop×√√×√TBRPF1hop×√×××DSDVmulti-hop×√××√OLSRmulti-hop√√√×√DSR1hop×√×××AODV1hop×√×××ZRPmulti-hop×√√√√TORAmulti-hop×√×√√GPSRmulti-hop√√√√√22015102-6。,。,[38]IP,TCPUDP,TCPMANET,。,。(JAUS),,。AS5669[39]JAUS,,JTCP/JUDPTCP/UDP。STANAG4586,,、C4I[40]。JAUS,STANAG4586。,,。,,。,、。3.4,。。[41],OSI3,MACIMAC-UAV,DOLSR,。[42]—,MAC、,TDMAMAC、。,。,,。,,,、;,,,。3.5,、,[43]。、,,:ZhaoZL[44]RosárioD[45,46],。[44]、、;[45],,QoE;[46],。[47]MSC,(delay-tolerantnetwork,DTN),。,,,。QoS、QoE,、、、、、。4,。3。4.1UniversityofColorado[48],IEEE802.11b,DSR,。BerkleyAerobotTeam(BEAR)[49]2015102-720154,BEAR、、。BEARIEEE802.11。(SUAAVE)[50],—。IEEE802.11,。(GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology)(UAVRF)[51],IEEE802.11[52]。,[53],;[54],IEEE802.11b/g,EODV,UDP,H.264。4.2,。MIT———(RAVEN)[55]。、、。(GRASP)[56](UniversityofPennsylvania),,、、。4.3。,。(UniversityofSydney)(RMUS)[57]。IEEE802.11,、[58]。(HarvardUniversity)mini、———(Simbeeotic)[59],,、、。[60]HLA,HLA、,。5,。,,。(1)。,、,。,、。,。,(),。(2)、,,、。,,、;,、、,,。(3)、,,MAC。MAC,、;,。2015102-8,QoS。,。,,。6,,MAC。MAC、、;MANET、、。,,。,、。1DoD.USArmyRoadmapforUnmannedAircraftSystems2010-2035,20102DoD.UnmannedSystemsIntegratedRoadmapFY2013-2038,20133LiY,St-HilaireM,KunzT.ImprovingroutinginnetworksofUAVsviascopedfloodingandmobilityprediction.ProceedingsofIFIPWirelessDays,Dublin,Ireland,20124ShiraniR,St-HilaireM,KunzT,etal.Combinedreactive-geographicroutingforunmannedaeronauticalAdHocnetworks.Proceedingsof8thInternationalWirelessCommunicationsandMobileComputingConference(IWCMC-2012),Limassol,Cyprus,20125KuiperE,Nadjm-TehraniS.MobilitymodelsforUAVgroupreconnaissanceapplications.ProceedingsofInternationalConferenceonWirelessandMobileCommunications,Wuhan,China,20066WangW,GuanX,WangB,etal.Anovelmobilitymodelbasedonsemi-randomcircularmovementinmobileAdHocnetworks.InformationScience,2010,1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