促进奶业发展中的做法

创新机制，强化措施推进宁夏奶业又好又快发展InnovateMechanismandStrengthenMeasurestoFacilitateSoundandRapidDevelopmentofDairyIndustryinNingxia宁夏回族自治区农牧厅DepartmentofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandry,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion二〇〇八年八月August,2008宁夏是我国五个少数民族自治区之一。Oneofthe5minoritygroupautonomousregionsinChina地理位置：地处中国西北部、黄河中上游。东经104°10‘～107°39’，北纬35°14‘～39°23’之间，从纬度上，处在世界公认的奶牛适宜分布带上。Location:North-eastChina,MiddleandupperreachesofYellowriver.104°10‘~107°39’E,35°14‘~39°23’N.Inabeltworldlyrecognizedasbeingsuitableforcattlebreeding.地形地势：南北狭长，南高北低，平均海拔1000米以上。Topography:Anarrowstripslopingdownfromsouthtonorthwithanaveragealtitudeofover1000m.气候：典型的温带大陆性气候，年均降水量305毫米，年均气温5～10℃。Climate:Typicalcontinentalclimate,averageannualprecipitation:305mm,averageannualtemperature:5~10℃一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia总面积：6.64万平方公里。Area:66,400km2.总人口：603万。其中，农村人口415万，占68.7%。回族215万，占36%。Population:6.03m,ofwhich4.15m,or68.7%isrural,and2.15m,or36%isHui.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia按照自然地理条件和经济社会发展水平，可分为北部引黄灌区，中部干旱带和南部山区三大板块。Ningxiacanbedividedintothreeareasaccordingtonaturalconditionsandthestatusofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.引黄灌区North:ChannelingwaterfromYellowRivertoirrigate南部山区South:Mountainous中部干旱带Central:arid北部引黄灌区有黄河水自流灌溉之便，玉米、水稻、优质苜蓿等饲草料资源丰富，发展奶牛养殖业条件十分优越。WithwaterfromtheYellowRiver,thenorthernareaisinfavorableconditionforthedevelopmentofdairyhusbandryduetoabundantproductionofcorn,rice,qualityclover,andotherfeeds.2003年奶产业被自治区政府确定为农业产业化五大战略性主导产业之一，已连续多年保持快速发展的势头。特别是在自治区党委、政府的高度重视和农业部的大力支持下，我区坚持区域化布局、规模化养殖、产业化经营的发展思路，组织实施了《宁夏奶业发展行动计划（2002-2005）》和《宁夏奶牛提质增效行动计划（2007-2010）》，通过采取奶牛品种改良、乳品加工、质量监管和优质饲草生产等措施，使我区奶产业进入了一个数量质量同步发展的新阶段，奶产业已成为我区产业化程度较高、饲养规模较大、农业结构优化和带动农民增收较强的支柱产业。Identifiedbytheregionalgovernmentin2003asoneofthe5prioritizedindustries,dairyindustryhasmaintainedit’smomentumforquiteafewyears.WithsupportfromthepartycommitteeandgovernmentoftheregionandMOAofChina,Ningxiahasbeenseekingtoregionalizeandindustrializetheindustryandpromotelarge-scalebreeding.NingxiagovernmenthasbeenimplementingtheActionPlantoDevelopDairyIndustryinNingxia(2002-2005)andtheActionPlantoImproveCattleQualityandEfficiencyinNingxia(2007-2010).Byimprovingvarieties,processingprocedures,qualitysupervisionandfeedproduction,thedairyindustryofNingxiahasenteredintoanewareamarkedbyrapiddevelopmentbothintermsofquantityandquality.Dairyindustryhasbecomeapillarindustrywithhighlevelofindustrialization,large-scalebreedingandgoodstructurethatplaysasignificantroleinincreasingfarmers’income.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia2007年全区奶牛存栏32万头，鲜奶总产量94万吨，与2002年相比，年均增长25.6%和25%。In2007,theregionhad320,000cowsandatotalmilkyieldof940,000tons,25.6%and25%higherthan2002respectively.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia2002-2007年宁夏奶牛存栏、产奶量变化图AmountofCowsandYieldofNingxiafrom2002-2007010203040123456年度Year存栏万头Tenthousandcows020406080100120奶产量万吨Tenthousandtons存栏总数牛奶产量CowsYield2002-2007年宁夏成年奶牛年均单产变化图AnnualYieldperAdultCowinNingxiafrom2002-200752005443556357005969610045005000550060006500123456成母牛年均单产突破6000千克，居全国第4位。Annualyieldperadultcowhasreached6000kg,rankingatthe4thinChina.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia人均鲜奶占有量154千克，是全国平均水平的6倍以上。Percapitamilkavailabilityis154kg,morethan6timesofnationalaverage.奶牛养殖业产值18亿元，占全区畜牧业产值的32%。Productionvalueofdairyhusbandryis1.8billionRMB,accountingfor32%ofanimalhusbandryinNingxia.形成了以银川、吴忠两市为核心区的奶牛产业带，两市奶牛存栏和产奶量分别占全区总数的88.1%和88.2%。AnindustrybeltwithYinchuanandWuzhongascentershastakenshape.Combined,the2citiesaccountfor88.1%ofcowsand88.2%ofmilkyieldintheregion.吴忠市区农民人均奶业纯收入990.3元，占农民人均纯收入的20%。PercapitanetincomeoffarmersfromdairyindustryinWuzhongis990.3RMB,representing20%oftheirtotalnetincome.一、宁夏奶业发展现状Ⅰ.StatusofDairyIndustryinNingxia（一）加快奶牛群改良步伐，提高奶牛单产水平高1.Improvevarietiestoincreaseunityield针对我区奶牛单产水平低、养殖效率不高的问题，2002年宁夏在全国率先开始实施《宁夏奶牛品种改良》项目，是全国开展奶牛品种改良较早的省区之一。Toaddressproblemssuchaslowunityieldandbreedingefficiency,in2002,NingxialaunchedtheProgramofDairyCattleVarietyImprovement,makingitselfoneofthefirstprovinces/regionsinChinatolaunchsuchaprogram.2006年又在吴忠市8个县(区)启动了国家《奶牛良种补贴》项目。In2006,NingxiainitiatedtheprogramofVarietyImprovementSubsidyin8counties/districtsofWuzhong.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices7年间自治区和国家农业部累计补贴2833万元（其中：自治区财政1553万元）。Inthepast7years,subsidyfromNingxiagovernmentandMOAofChinaaccumulatedto28.33millionRMB,ofwhich15.53millionisfromfiscalbudgetoftheregion.统一筛选引进国内外优质荷斯坦牛冻精158万余支，累计改良奶牛77.6万头。1.58millionampoulesofhigh-qualityfrozensemenofHolsteinhavebeenintroduced,resultingin776,000cowsofimprovedvariety.完成奶牛统一建档立卡和佩戴耳标的29.8万头，占存栏总数的92.9%。298,000cows,or92.9%ofthetotal,havebeenfiledandearmarked.实现奶牛系谱资料计算机管理24万头，占存栏总数的74.9%。240,000cows,or74.9%ofthetotal,havehadtheirfamilydatamanagedbycomputer.据统计，改良后代母牛头胎平均单产达到7142公斤，比项目实施前提高了2000公斤，年均提高404公斤。Accordingtostatistics,yieldpercowofthe1stparityofimprovedvarietyhasreached7142kg,2000kgmorethanbefore,representinganaverageannualincreaseof404kg.二、主要做法Ⅱ.MajorPractices（二）大力实施奶牛出户入园工程，推进标准化规模养殖2.Movecattlefromhouseholdstofarmstopromotelarge-scalestandardbreedi