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1城镇化进程中的生态环境问题及对策——以怀化市为例（湖南城市学院谢凯华）摘要：城镇化是人类社会发展的自然历史过程，是现代化的重要标志。党的十八大以来，突出“新型城镇化”，强调以人为本、集约高效和绿色智能，把城镇化与环境保护和生态文明建设结合起来。怀化市以省域次中心城市作为现阶段发展目标，在城镇化建设飞速发展的同时，生态环境的保护日益受到关注。本文以怀化市城镇化进程中引发岩石圈、大气圈和水圈的生态环境问题为出发点，具体分析怀化市城镇化进程中，造成耕地面积减少、水土流失、大气污染、温室效应、水源污染等生态环境问题的原因，并针对造成环境污染的原因，提出相关对策，为落实怀化市委四届十次全委（扩大）会议提出的奋力实施“一极两带”和“一个中心、四个怀化”发展战略，提供相关依据。关键词：城镇化生态环境问题怀化市原因对策2AbstractUrbanizationisanaturalhistoricalprocessofthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Itisanimportantsymbolofmodernization.Sincetheeighteenparty,highlightingthenewurbanization,emphasizingpeople-oriented,intensiveandefficientandgreensmart,theurbanizationandenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalcivilizationconstructioncombined.HuaihuaCity,theprovincialcentercityasthecurrentstageofdevelopmentgoals,therapiddevelopmentofurbanizationatthesametime,theprotectionoftheecologicalenvironmenthasbeenincreasinglyconcerned.ThispaperinHuaihuacityurbanizationcausedtheecologicalandenvironmentalproblemsinthelithosphere,atmosphereandhydrosphereasastartingpoint,specificanalysisofHuaihuaCity,theprocessofurbanization,resultingincultivatedlandareareduce,soilerosion,airpollution,greenhouseeffect,waterpollutionetc.ecologicalandenvironmentalproblems,andforthecauseofenvironmentalpollution,andputsforwardrelevantcountermeasures,inordertoimplementtheHuaihuaMunicipalPartycommitteeoftheTenthPlenary(enlarged)meetingofthestrugglingtoimplementthetwobeltsanddevelopmentstrategyofonecenterandfourHuaihuaprovideaccordingtotherelevant.KeyWords:Urbanization;Ecologicalenvironmentproblem;Huaihua;Reason;Countermeasure3目录1引言...............................................................................................................................................42城镇化进程中存在的生态环境问题............................................................................................42.1对岩石圈层面的影响........................................................................................................42.1.1耕地面积减少........................................................................................................52.1.2水土流失................................................................................................................52.2对大气圈的影响................................................................................................................62.2.1大气污染................................................................................................................62.2.2温室效应................................................................................................................72.3对水圈的影响....................................................................................................................72.3.1水源污染................................................................................................................72.3.2酸雨........................................................................................................................83城镇化进程中存在的生态环境问题成因分析............................................................................93.1人口层面............................................................................................................................93.2城镇规划层面....................................................................................................................93.3法律法规层面..................................................................................................................103.4产业结构层面..................................................................................................................103.5环保意识层面..................................................................................................................113.6环境保护投入层面..........................................................................................................123.6.1环境治理协调工作的困难大..............................................................................123.6.2完成减排任务的压力大。..................................................................................123.6.3环保部门的经费运转十分艰难。......................................................................134协调城镇化与生态环境问题的有效对策..................................................................................134.1制定科学合理的城镇化规划..........................................................................................134.2构建生态环境保护制度体系..........................................................................................144.3转变经济发展方式..........................................................................................................154.4提高公众生态环境保护意识..........................................................................................164.4.1增强对城镇管理决策部门的培训......................................................................164.4.2加强对中小城镇工业企业主的环境保护教育..................................................164.4.3加强对公民环境保护和可持续发展理念的宣传与普及..................................174.4.4进一步建立完善社会舆论监督机制..................................................................174.5保障环保投入..................................................................................................