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2008-10-20Contents•二、句子翻译•1.确定主干•2.语序调整•3.正反转换•4.语态对译•5.长句的翻译•一、词的翻译•1.词义选择•2.词类转换•3.词的增补•4.词的省略•5.词的替代一、词的翻译•1.词义选择•1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。•BeforeIfellill,Ihadbeenthebullyunderourroofsowingtomydotingparents.•横行霸道:为所欲为，想干什么就干什么•Geteverythingmyownway•Getallthingsmyownway•Bebully•2）钓鱼可分为三个阶段。•Therearethreestatesforfishing.•“三个阶段”在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因此不译为threestages。•3）他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。•Healwayssitsonthefenceandfallsonthesideofthestronger.•2.词类转换•1）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。•Youwillbefullofpraisewhileeatingthefirsttwomaincourses.•2）这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。•Thus,everyplace,withitsownlegendsandfolktales,hasitstraditionsandcustomspassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.•3）所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。•Therefore,everyonehasbecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlydependentonNature.•4）大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。•People,poororrich,areequallyfavoredbyNature.•3.词的增补•1）有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。•Aplacewithwaterandfishisnecessarilyblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.•2）黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。•Theweaselgoestopayrespectstothehen—notwiththebestofintentions.•4.词的省略•1）种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花……•Plantingcropsandgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,raisingandmilkingcows,weedingthegardenandplantingflowers…•2）用点画成线，用线画成平面，用平面画成立体。•Withpointsyoucanmakealine;withline,planes;withplanes,solids.•3）于是转怒为喜，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。•Thenhappinessturnstoanger,praisetoscoldingandnit-picking,andhead-noddingtohead-shaking.•5.词的替代•1）狡猾的人轻视学问；愚昧的人羡慕学问；聪明的人利用学问。•Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem.•2）自周秦以来，中国是一个封建社会，其政治是封建的政治，其经济是封建的经济。•FromtheZhouandQinDynastiesonwards,Chinesesocietywasfeudal,aswereitspoliticsandeconomy.•3）得罪了你就得罪了你。•Ifyouwereoffended,sobeit.二、句子翻译•1.确定主干•汉语句子的主干：主语－－谓语•1.1确定主语•1）这个地区雨水较多。•A:Itrainsalotinthisarea.•B:Thisareaseesmuchrain.•C:Thereismuchraininthisarea.•2）信不信是你自己的事。•Itisyourconcernwhetheryoubelievemeornot.•3）最好是等他们回来。•Itmaybeadvisabletowaittilltheycomeback.•4）勤能补拙。•Itisdiligencethatmakesfordeficiency.•1.2确定谓语•1）在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。•Weshouldn’tbetooromanticabouthumanrelationships.•2）当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。•Aslongastheyarealive,theyalwaysworkandstudyashardaspossible,unwillingtodreamtheirlifeaway,letalonewasteevenasinglemomentoftheirlives.•2.语序调整•1）钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。•Fishingisanoutdoorsportthatcanhelpcultivateyourmindanditisgoodforourmentalandphysicalhealth.•2）我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。•Withoutbeingnoticed,Iliftedthecurtaininmysmallroom,onlytospythebustleofakaleidoscopicworlddowninthegarden.•3）一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。•Innotime,Iwasthrownintoafeelingofsorrowfulangeratbeingforgottenandabandonedbytherestoftheworldandcouldnothelpcryingmyheartout.•3.正反转换•1）他光着脚进了屋子。•Heenteredtheroomwithnoshoeson.•2）那个房间的窗户总是关着。•Thewindowsofthatroomwereneveropen.•3）学习外语离不开好的词典。•Agooddictionaryisindispensableforlearningaforeignlanguage.•4）她忍住了没有笑出声。•Sherefrainedfromlaughing.•5）我不能忍受你的脾气。•YourtemperismorethanIcanbear.•4.语态对译•1）考试后三日出榜。•Thelistofsuccessfulexamineeswillbepublishedthreedaysaftertheexam.