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光学名词中英日文对照中文名称英文名称光学optics光源lightsource光线lightray光速lightvelocity可見光visiblelight红外线infraredray紫外线ultravioletray微波micorwaveX射线X-ray倫琴W.Rentgen光的微粒說corpusculartheory牛顿Newton光的波动說undulatorytheory惠更斯C.Huygens几何光学geometricaloptics物理光学physicaloptics波动光学waveoptics光的电磁理論electromagnetictheoryoflight麦克斯韦Maxwell量子光学quantumoptics普朗克Planck爱因斯坦Einstein波粒二象性wave-particledualism德布羅意deBroglie现代光学modernoptics激光laser光子学photonics光的直线传播rectilinearpropagationoflight光的反射reflectionoflight光的折射refractionoflight折射率refractiveindex光程opticalpath物象等光程性aplanatismbetweenobjectandimage色散dispersion光谱spectrum夫琅禾费光谱线Fraunhoferspectralline夫琅禾费J.vonFraunhofer费马原理Fermatprinciple费马Fermat反射镜reflector棱镜prism偏向角angleofdeviation最小偏向角angleofminimumdeviation光纤opticalfiber高锟K.Gao光纤通信opticalfibercommunication透镜lens可变焦距透镜variabefocuslens非球面透镜asphericallens共轴球面系统coaxialsphericalsystem光阑stop单色象差monochromaticaberration色差chromatism光通量luminousflux视見函數visibilityfunction发光强度luminousintensity光出射度luminousexitance光亮度luminanceoflight光照度illuminance光波lightwave复振幅complexamplitude单色光波monochromaticlightwave准单色光波quasi-monochromaticlightwave光波场的空间频率spatialfrequencyoflightwavefield光强lightintensity光向量lightvector光振动lightvibration振动面planeofvibration偏振面planeofpolarization光的偏振态polarizationstateoflight线偏振光linearlypolarizedlight圆偏振光circularlypolarizedlight椭圆偏振光ellipticallypolarizedlight左旋椭圆（或圆）偏振光left-handedelliptically(orcircularly)polarizedlight右旋椭圆（或圆）偏振光right-handedelliptically(orcircularly)polarizedlight部分偏振光partiallypolarizedlight自然光naturallight偏振度degreeofpolarization起偏器polarizer检偏器analyzer马呂斯定律Malu＇slaw偏振片polaroid二向色性dichroism反射和折射光的偏振态polarizationstateofreflectivelightandrefractivelight布儒斯特定律Brewsterlaw布儒斯特角Brewsterangle玻片堆glassplatestack菲涅耳公式Fresnelformula菲涅耳Fresnel反射率和透射率reflectivityandtransmissivityπ相位突变Jumpingphasebyπ斯托克斯公式Stokesformula斯托克斯Stokes光波的迭加原理principleofsuperpositionoflightwave相干迭加coherenceaddition非相干迭加incoherenceaddition光的干涉现象interferencephenomenonoflight相干条件coherentcondition单光子干涉singlephotoninterference光程差与相位差的关系relationshipbetweenopticalpathdifferenceandphasedifference分波前干涉wavefront-splittedinterference杨氏双缝实验Young＇sdouble-slitinterferenceexperiment托马斯·杨ThomasYoung干涉图样（条纹）interferencepattern(fringe)干涉级orderofinterference非定域干涉nonlocalizedinterference非定域条纹nonlocalizedfringe菲涅耳双面镜Fresnelbimirror菲涅耳双棱镜Fresnelbiprism勞埃德镜Lloydmirror可見度visibility波列wavetrain相干时间coherencetime相干长度coherencelength时间相干性temporalcoherence空间相干性spatialcoherence光源的臨界宽度criticalwidthoflightsource干涉孔径角interferenceapertureangle部分相干光partiallycoherentlight分振幅干涉amplitude-splittedinterference薄膜干涉filminterference等倾干涉equal-inclinationinterference等倾条纹equal-inclinationfringes定域干涉localizedinterference等厚干涉equalthicknessinterference等厚条纹equalthicknessfringes牛顿环Newtonring劈形膜wedgefilm迈克耳孙干涉仪Michelsoninterferometer迈克耳孙Michelson傅里葉变换光谱仪Fouriertransformspectrometer多光束干涉multiplebeaminterference干涉条纹的半值宽度half-valuewidthofinterferencefringe干涉条纹的精细度finesseofinterferencefringe法布里－珀羅干涉仪Fabry-Perotinterferometer法布里－珀羅标准具Fabry-Perotetalon增透膜reflectionreducingcoating高反射膜high-reflectingfilm干涉濾光片interferencefilter干涉计量学interferometry光的衍射diffractionoflight衍射屏diffractionscreen菲涅耳衍射和夫琅禾费衍射FresneldiffractionandFraunhoferdiffraction惠更斯－菲涅耳原理Huygens-Fresnelprinciple菲涅耳衍射积分公式Fresneldiffractionintegralformula菲涅耳－基尔霍夫公式Fresnel-Kirchhoffformula半波带法half-wavezonemethod振动曲线vibrationcurve菲涅耳圆孔衍射Fresneldiffractionbyacircularaperture菲涅耳圆屏衍射Fresneldiffractionbyacircularobstacle泊松亮斑Poisson＇sspot波带片zoneplate夫琅禾费单缝衍射Fraunhofersingle-slitdiffraction艾里斑Airydisk瑞利判据Rayleighcriterion瑞利Rayleigh泰勒判据Taylorcriterion象分辨本領imageresolvingpower物镜的分辨本領resolvingpowerofobjective相对孔径relativeaperture望远镜的分辨本領resolvingpoweroftelescope哈勃空间望远镜Hubblespacetelescope显微镜的分辨本領resolvingpowerofmicroscope數值孔径numericalaperture电子显微镜electronmicroscope扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope扫描隧道显微镜scanningtunnelmicroscope近场光学显微镜nearfieldopticalmicroscope原子力显微镜atomicforcemicroscope衍射光栅diffractiongrating光栅常數gratingconstant光栅方程gratingequation缺级missingorder光栅光谱gratingspectrum色散本領dispersionpower色分辨本領chromaticresolvingpower色散范围dispersionrange闪跃光栅blazedgrating正弦光栅sinusoidalgratingX射线的衍射diffractionofX-rayW.H.布喇格W.H.BraggW.L.布喇格W.L.Bragg同步輻射synchrotronradiation數位衍射光学digitaldiffractionoptics二元光学binaryoptics全息照相holography伽博Gabor全息图hologram波前重建wavefrontreconstruction離轴全息off-axisholography利思Leith反射全息reflectionholography丹尼苏克Denisyuk像全息Imageholography傅里葉变换全息Fouriertransformholography彩虹全息rainbowholography合成全息integralholography计算全息computer-generatedhologram全息干涉计量holographicinterferometry全息光学组件holographicopticselement全息存储holographicstorage傅里葉光学Fourieroptics傅里葉Fourier空间频谱spatialfrequencyspectrum阿贝成像原理Abbeprincipleofimageformation空间频率濾波spatialfrequencyfiltering泽尼克相衬原理Zernikephasecontrastprinciple相衬显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope泽尼克Zernike分數傅里葉变换fractionalFouriertransform分數傅里葉光学fractionalFourieroptics信息光学informationoptics晶体crystal准晶体quasi-crystal液晶liquidcrystal晶体的光轴opticalaxisofcrystal单轴晶体uniaxialcrystal双轴晶体biaxialcrystal晶体的主截面principalsectionofcrystal主平面principalplane寻常光ordinarylight非常光extraordinarylight双折射biref