【硕士论文】SPS框架下我国进出境货物木质包装检疫的现状

SPSWTOtheAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasuresSPSSPSIPPC)2002315ISPM1520037200531IPPCISPM15SPSISPM151998ISPM15SPSPHYTOSANITARYSTATUSOFWOODPACKAGINGMATERIALINCHINA’SIMPORTS&EXPORTSUNDERSPSANDCOUNTERMEASURESABSTRACTWoodpackagingmaterial,widelyusedininternationaltrade,isfrequentlymadeofrawwoodforsupporting,protectingorcarryingacommodity(includesdunnage).Itmaynothaveundergonesufficientprocessingortreatmenttoremoveorkillpestsandthereforebecomesapathwayfortheintroductionandspreadofpests.Nowadays,moreandmoreWTOMembersareimplementingorgoingtotakephytosanitarymeasurestowoodpackagingmaterialaccordingtotheAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures(SPS).However,theSPSAgreementexiststhetrendofbeingabusedtobeanewkindoftechnicalbarrierstotrade(TBT)bysomeWTOMembers,whichhasconstituteddisguisedrestrictionsoninternationaltrade.Therefore,inMarch2002theInternationalPlantProtectionConvention(IPPC)establishedInternationalStandardsforPhytosanitaryMeasuresPublicationNo.15(ISPM15):Guidelinesforregulatingwoodpackagingmaterialininternationaltrade.ThisstandardhasgoneintoeffectsincethedateofMarch1st2003.Currently,WTOMembers,suchasEuropeanUnion,Canada,USA,Australiaandetc.,haveadoptedit,andmoreandmorecountrieswilldointhefuture.Inordertobreakthroughtherestrictionsofphytosanitarymeasurestowoodpackagingmaterialfromothercountries,ChinamustlaydownanewphytosanitaryregulationofwoodpackagingmaterialthatisnotonlybasedonthegeneralconditionsofabigdevelopingcountrybutalsoabidedbytheISPM15asaWTOmember.Withthemethodofinvestigationandstudy,references-reading,theorybasedonpractice,andtheguidancebyanalysisontheSPSagreementandISPM15,thedissertationhasanalyzedtheurgencyandnecessityofimplementinganewphytosanitarymeasureofwoodpackagingmaterialbyadoptingtheISPM15inChinaandproposedsolutionsandpolicymeasuresforitsestablishmentwithChinesecharacteristic.Themaincontentofthedissertationisdividedintothefollowingfourchapters.Firstchaptergenerallyintroducesthelegalproof,significanceandtrendofchina’stakingphytosanitarymeasurestoimported&exportedwoodpackagingmaterialandrelatedinternationalrulesaswell;SecondchapterretrospectsbilateralphytosanitarymeasuresofwoodpackagingmaterialbetweenChinaanditsmajortradepartiessuchasUSA,Japan,EuropeanUnionandetc.sincetheyearof1998,andanalysestheessenceofwhythedevelopedcountriestakephytosanitarymeasuresofwoodpackagingmaterialtoChina;Thirdchapteranalysesanddiscussesthecurrentsituation,operationmode,existingproblemsandchallengesfacingquarantinetreatmentandsupervisionofChina’simported&exportedwoodpackagingmaterial;Fourthchapterelaboratesthatourcurrentquarantinesystemliesinaperiodoftransitionsothatthetraditionalinspection&quarantinemethodscannotbesuitabletoournewsituationandneedtobeinnovatedimmediately.Thedissertationfinallysuggeststhatonlyestablishingthesystemofthetriadofgovernment,variousindustriesandnon-governmentalorganizationcanourphytosanitaryregulationsofimported&exportedwoodpackagingmaterialreachtheheightofISPM15.Thus,ononehandweshalleffectivelypreventtheharmfulpests,ontheotherhandweshalllegallyandreasonablybreakthroughforeigntechnicalbarrierstoourexportedwoodpackagingmaterialtoensurethatourcommoditiescanbeexportedsmoothly.KEYWORDS:woodpackagingmaterial,quarantine,SPS,countermeasure1WTO/SPSSPSIPPC2002315ISPM15--20037200531ISPM15WTO200531WTO/SPS200611IPPCISPM15上海交通大学MPA学位论文SPS框架下我国进出境货物木质包装检疫的现状与对策1第一章第一章第一章第一章我国进出境货物木质包装检疫和相关国际标准概述我国进出境货物木质包装检疫和相关国际标准概述我国进出境货物木质包装检疫和相关国际标准概述我国进出境货物木质包装检疫和相关国际标准概述11111111进出境货物木质包装检疫概述木质包装(WoodPackagingMaterial)1指用于承载包装铺垫支撑加固货物的木质材料如木板箱木条箱木托盘木框木桶木轴木楔垫木枕木衬木等经人工合成或者经加热加压等深度加工的包装用木质材料如胶合板纤维板等除外薄板旋切芯锯屑木丝刨花等以及厚度等于或者小于6mm的木质材料除外[1]木质包装由天然木材加工制成木材(SolidWood)是人类生活中必不可少之材料具备质轻有较高强度容易加工之优点且某些树种纹理美观但也有易变形易腐易燃质地不均匀及各方向强度不一致等天然缺陷据统计国际海运货物中70以上采用木质包装包括木箱木托木架木衬以托盘为例根据托盘材料来源不同可分成木制托盘钢制托盘塑料制托盘复合材料托盘以及纸制托盘等五种据中国物流与采购联合会托盘专业委员会(筹)2002年9月对300多家托盘生产企业托盘使用及销售企业进行初步调查的结果目前我国拥有的各种类型托盘总数约为50007000万片可能远不止此数每年产量递增2000万片左右其中木制托盘约占90%塑料托盘占8%钢制托盘复合材料托盘以及纸制托盘合计占2%复合材料托盘和塑料托盘上升比例较大21.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.1进出境货物木质包装检疫的依据进出境货物木质包装检疫的依据进出境货物木质包装检疫的依据进出境货物木质包装检疫的依据目前我国实施进出境货物木质包装检疫的主要依据是国家法律国务院有关部委的规章政府间双边协议及相关国际公约根据中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法实施条例第一章第二条第二款规定装载动植物动植物产品和其他检疫物的装载容器包装物铺垫材料必须实施检疫其目的是防止植物危险性病虫杂草及其他有害生物通过货物木质包装由国外传入或由国内传出保护本国农林渔牧业生产和国际生态环境和人类的健康国务院有关部委制定的有关进出境货物木质包装检疫的规章例如国家出入境检验检疫总局海关总署和对外贸易经济合作部于1999年联合发布第23号公告公告要求于2000年11国际植物保护公约网www.ippc.int第15号国际植物检疫措施标准--国际贸易中木质包装材料管理准则第6页2晨曦木塑www.pallethome.com托盘的类型