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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习?简单句的五个基本句型?主语＋不及物动词Shecame．.?主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.?主语＋系动词＋主语补语?Sheishappy．?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语?ShegaveJohnabook．?Sheboughtabookforme.?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语?Shemakeshermotherangry．?Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.?（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.?主谓宾?名／代－－动词－－名／代?we--saw--you.?we--did--thework.?主系表?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词?youarebeautiful?youseemsworried.?youareastufent.?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语?2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。?如：I'mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。?如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每天打扫房间)?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。?如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)?4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。?如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。?如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：?Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。?如：Heworkshard.(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。?如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/?Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/?TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老师要我自学法语)8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。?如：WhereisyourclassmateTom?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Youdon'tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见连系动词1.“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得),prove(证明是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等。2.例如:Thestorysoundstrue.3.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(继续、仍旧),stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter??3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),get(变得)等。?例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired②worried③yellow④interested⑤first4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney?(四)挑出下列句中的宾语?①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.?②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.?③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.?④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass??⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.?hishomework②English③yourpronunciation④newwords⑤togoswimming?5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。?Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）?Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.（名词）?Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）?Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)?Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don'tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）?Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）?Don'tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）?I'llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）?扩展：?主补：对主语的补充。?Hewaselectedmonitor.?Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.?Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.?(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语?①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.?②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.?③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.?④TheycallmeLilysometimes.?⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.?⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow??①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room②totaketheboyoutofschool?③Lily④getonthebus⑤playingfootballontheplayground?划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语?①Pleasetellusastory.?②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.?③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.?④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.?⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme??6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。?Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）?Heisourfriend.（代词）?Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）?Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）?Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)?Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)?TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）?Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）?Ihaveanideatod