搜索
龙源期刊网作者：於欣来源：《校园英语·上旬》2019年第04期TheAdventuresofRobinsCrusoeisthemostfamousnovelofDanielDoe，whichportraysRobinson’sstruggleofsurvivalinthedesertedisland.Duringthedaysoflookingfornecessityandbuildingupashelter，Robinsonovercamevariousdifficulties—extremelybadenvironmentsandinnerterror.AsfarasIamconcerned，thenovelmanifeststhetheoryraisedbyFreudthatpersonalityiscomposedofthreeelementsincludingid，egoandsuperego.AccordingtoFreud’spsychoanalytictheory，idisthemostprimitiveofthethreestructures，isconcernedwithinstantgratificationofbasicphysicalneedsandurges.;Inthenovel，idisthemajorreasontodriveRobinson’sbehaviorespeciallyatthefirstweekonthedesertedisland.Whenencounteringthegreatstormatthesea，Robinsonwastrappedinenormousterrorofdeath.Fortunately，hesucceededtoswimtotheshore.DoedescribestheinneractivityofRobinsonbyusingsuchsentences：Forsuddenjoys，likegriefs，confoundatfirst.Robinsonfeltjoyfulbecausehejustgotridofdeath，whiletohisgrievance，hewasaloneonthedesertedland.Definitely，idrepresentsthedeepandvitaldesireofRobinsonandmotivateshimtosurvive.Theegoistheorganizedpartofthepersonalitystructurethatincludesdefensive，perceptual，intellectual-cognitive，andexecutivefunctions.Inthenovel，Robinsonisdescribedasabravemanwithrebelliousspiritandintelligence.Heisanegoistandaresistertohisfate.BeforeRobinsonstartedhisvoyageonthesea，hisfathertoldhimthegreatdangerofsailing.Greatpassiontowardthevoyageandexplorationencourageshimtoovercomethefearandbecomesasignificantpartofhispersonality.Atthesametime，Freudconcedesthatastheegoattemptstomediatebetweenidandreality，itisoftenobligedtocloakthecommandsoftheidwithitsownpreconsciousrationalizations，toconcealtheid’sconflictswithreality.Thispointalsomanifestsitselfintheplotofnovel.Facedwiththelackoffoodandhabitation，Robinsonsufferedfromthehorrorandworriesalmosteverysecond，meanwhile，healsoneededtostayoptimistic.Suchkindofstruggleismorevividlydescribedindetailinthenovel.Besides，Robinsonlistedallthedifficultiesandgoodthingsthathewasfacing，whichplayedanimportantroletostayoptimistic：Iamcastuponahorrible，desolateisland，voidofallhopeofrecovery.ButIamalive;andnotdrowned，asallmyship’scompanywere.Thisistheapparentfeaturethathetookadvantagesofhisegotofacethemusicandpreservethehopeinside.Super-egoreflectstheinternalizationofculturalrules，mainlytaughtbyparentsapplyingtheirguidanceandinfluence.Furthermore，themanifestationinthenoveliswhatRobinsonreceivedinhisschoolyearsandhisreligiousbeliefandmoralstandardsrootedinhisheart.Theobvious龙源期刊网’slife.WhenRobinsonwasthreatenedbysavagesbuthewasstillwillingtohelpthepoorFridayfleeaway.Itwashiskindnessandmoralstandardthatencouragedhimtogivinghishandtootherswhomaybecomeahiddenthreat.Suchkindofsuperegoactsinasocialmannerevenagainsttheid.SupposethatRobinsondidn’trescueFriday，hewouldgetfoundbyothersonedayandalsosaveaquiteamountofnecessitywithoutanyworriesofbeingattackedbyhim.Suchbehavioristotallyfollowingtheprincipleofid，whichisalmostoutofpersonalbasicneed.However，Robinsongaveupsuchkindofselfishideaandbehavedasagentlemanwhoisverycompassionate.Super-egocandefeattheimpulsionofid，andpolishthepersonality.Ontheotherhand，religiousbeliefisanothercrucialpartofRobinson’ssuper-ego.Suchkindofreligiousbeliefguideshimtofightagainstthedefectofhimself.Idandsuperegoalwayscontrasttoeachother.EgomediatestheconflictandkeepsbalancebetweenIdandsuperego.TheconfrontationbetweenIdandsuperegoalmostexistsinRobinson’sheartallthetime.WhenRobinsonbecamebadlysickandoutofthehopetosurvive，heconsideredhispoorconditionsisGod’sverdicttohim.BecauseofhisdesperateforlivingdrivenbyId，RobinsonwasreluctanttoacceptthedeathpenaltyfromGod.However，hisdevoutreligiousbeliefwhichcanbeconsideredasthesuperegoforcedhimtoconfesshispastignoranceofGod’spower.Itishisegothatmediatedthecontradictorybetweenprimitivedesireandstrictreligiousbelief.Robinson’segoismorecompliantandfullofself-restraint.Toconclude，RobinsonCrusoeisavividcharacterwhichissuccessfullycreatedbyDoe，andDoeportraysalltheaspectsofhispersonalitiesbylotsofdescriptionofhismentalactivities.Therefore，theeagernessofid，hisbraveintelligentegoandthesuperegoofmoralstandardsmakeRobinsontangibleinthisnovel.【作者简介】於欣，河北大学。