基于plc风力发电控制系统的设计

摘要全球人口增长和发展中国家的经济扩张，到2050年，世界能源需求可能翻番甚至增加两倍。地球上的全部生命都依赖于能源和碳循环。能源对经济级社会发展都至关重要，但这也带来了环境方面的挑战。我们必须探索能源生产与消费的各个方面，包括提高能效、清洁能源、全球碳循环、碳资源、废弃物和生物质，还要关注它们与气候和自然资源问题之间的关系。风力发电的发展是时代的需要。在风力发电控制系统中，基于PLC为主控制器的设计是未来的发展方向。本设计基于PLC的风力发电控制系统，旨在保证风力发电机偏航系统、齿轮箱、液压系统、发电机正常工作；通过选择合适的控制方法，使系统能更加稳定的运行，进而可以有效提高风力利用率。设计中主要对发电机控制电路、偏航控制电路、齿轮箱及液压站的运行和工作情况进行了设计，并绘制了相应的电气原理图。在控制电路中还说明了PLC、电动机及相应低压器件的型号选择，绘制了I/O接线图；在发电机控制电路中，设计了发电机的转速控制方面；偏航电路中，设计了对风、解缆功能；在液压系统中，设计了温控、压力控制功能；在齿轮箱系统中，设计了油位控制功能。同时在设计中还详细编写了各部分的控制程序，并进行了相关调试，另外利用S7-200仿真软件进行了系统仿真验证，仿真结果满足设计要求。关键词：可编程控制器；偏航；液压系统；控制系统；风力发电ABSTRACTGlobalpopulationgrowthanddevelopingeconomicexpansion,to2050,worldenergydemandmaydoubleorevenincreasedtwotimes.Thewholeoflifeonearthdependsonboththeenergyandthecarboncycle.Energyforeconomicsocialdevelopmentarecrucial,butithasalsobroughtenvironmentalchallenges.Wemustexploretheenergyproductionandconsumptioninallaspects,includingimprovingenergyefficiency,cleanenergy,theglobalcarboncycle,carbonresource,wasteandbiomass,butalsopayattentiontothemandclimateandnaturalresourceproblemsbetween.Windpowerdevelopmentistheneedofthetimes.InthewindpowercontrolsystembasedonProgrammableLogicController(PLC),mainlyisthedesignoffuturedevelopmentdirection.BasedonthedesignofPLCwindpowercontrolsystem,inordertoensurethewindmillgeneratoryawsystem,gearbox,hydraulicsystem,thegeneratorwork;byselectingappropriatecontrolmethod,makingthesystemmorestableoperation,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheutilizationrateofwindpower.Designofthemaingeneratorcontrolcircuit,controlcircuit,gearboxandhydraulicstationrunningandworkingconditionsforthedesign,anddrawthecorrespondingelectricalschematicdiagram.ThecontrolcircuitalsoshowsPLC,motorandcorrespondinglowvoltagedevicesmodelselection,renderingtheI/Owiringdiagram;ingeneratorcontrolcircuit,designofthegeneratorspeedcontrol;yawcircuit,designofwind,startingfunction;inthehydraulicsystem,designtemperaturecontrol,pressurecontrolfunction;inthegearboxsystem,designthelevelcontrolfunction.Inthedesignofthedetailedwrittenpartscontrolprogram,andtherelevantdebugging,whileusingS7-200simulationsoftwaresimulationsystem,andthesimulationresultsandmeetthedesignrequirements.Keyword:ProgrammableLogicController;Yaw;Hydraulicsystem;Controlsystem;WindPower目录1引言1.1选题目的和意义.............................................1.2国内外风力发电现状.........................................1.2.1国外风力发电现状.........................................1.2.2国内风力发电现状.........................................1.2.3风电机组发展趋势..........................................1.2.4海上风电场的兴起..........................................1.3研究设想及方法..............................................1.4预期成果及意义.............................................2系统整体方案设计.............................................2.1系统工作原理..............................................2.2系统工艺流程................................................2.2.1控制模式介绍.............................................2.2.2各部分控制介绍...........................................2.3系统总体设计方案..........................................2.4本章小结..................................................3控制系统硬件设计............................................3.1PLC概述..................................................3.1.1PLC的发展历程..........................................3.1.2PLC的工作原理..........................................3.1.3控制系统的I/O通道地址分配.............................3.1.4PLC系统选型...........................................3.2扩展模块选型...........................................3.2.1数字量输出扩展模块EM222................................3.2.2数字量输入∕输出扩展模块EM223.........................3.2.3模拟量输入扩展模块EM231...............................3.2.4模拟量输入∕输出扩展模块EM235.........................3.3电机及驱动器选型与应用设计..............................3.3.1电机及驱动器选型......................................3.3.2偏航电机主电路设计....................................3.4检测元件选型与应用设计..................................3.4.1温度传感器选型.......................................3.4.2压力传感器选型......................................3.4.3液位传感器选型......................................3.4.4偏航角度传感器和转速传感器选型......................3.4.5风向标、风速仪选型..................................3.5低压电器选型..........................................3.5.1接触器选型..........................................3.5.2断路器选型..........................................3.5.3熔断器选型..........................................3.5.4主令电器选型........................................3.5.5信号电器选型.......................................3.6系统配电及电源选型...................................3.7本章小结.............................................4控制系统软件设计.......................................4.1程序流程图的设计.....................................4.1.1启停控制流程图....................................4.1.2偏航解缆控制流程图................................4.1.3齿轮箱系统控制流程图..............................4.1.4发电机系统控制流程图..............................4.1.5液压系统控制流程图.................................4.2控制程序设计.........................................4.3组态界面设计.........................................4.4程序调试.............................................4.5本章小结............................................