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37220073()JournalofZhejiangUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences)Vol.37,No.2Mar.2007[]20061017[][](05XZY024);(Y505077);(06CGGL15YB)[]1.(1971),,,,;2.(1982),,,,;3.(1967),,,,,1,2,2(1.,310012;2.,310058)[]2070,,,,,[];;[]C912.82[]A[]1008-942X(2007)02-0061-08AReviewoftheEndogenousDevelopmentZHANGHuan2zhou1,HUANGChao2chao2,ZHOUYong2guang2(1.DepartmentofGeography,ZhejiangEducationInstitute,Hangzhou310012,China;2.DepartmentofTourismManagement,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310058,China)Abstract:The1970switnessesatrendofreflectiononindustrialization,urbanizationandtheprotectionoftraditionalcultureaswellasecologicalenvironment.ItgivesrisetotheideaoftheEndogenousDevelopment,which,asanewmodeforruraldevelopment,wassupposedtocontributetotherevitalizationoftheeconomicallydecliningruralareas.SeveralkeypointsofthisEndogenousDevelopmentModelaresummarized:(1)Theultimateobjectiveofthelocaldevelopmentistofosterthecapacitytoinnovateatthelocallevelonitsownbasis,andatthesametimetoretainitsecologicalenvironmentandculturaltraditions.(2)Inordertofosterthegeneratingcapacityofthelocalareaonitsownbasis,thebestapproachistomakeaformofprogresswherethereislocalcontroloverthedevelopmentprocess,wherethedevelopmentoptionsworthyofsupportaredeterminedlocallyandwherethebenefitsofdevelopmentareretainedwithinalocalarea.(3)Itisessentialtobuildalocalgroupwhichiscapableofreflectingthewillandinterestsoftheresidentsandwhichalsohasconsiderableinfluenceonthedecision2makingprocessofthelocalstrategies.ThepracticalprojectsbasedontheEndogenousDevelopmentprinciplesnormallyadoptaflatstructureoforganization,inwhichtheprojectsaredesignedandoperatedbylocalorganizationswithadirectcommitmenttotheCommittee.TheextantexperiencesmaybedrawnonasreferenceforChinascurrentruraldevelopment.Keywords:endogenousdevelopment;exogenousdevelopment;localorganization(),,,,;,,,,,,,2070,()(exogenousdevelopment),,,,,,:(1),()(),[1];(2),,,;(3),,,,,,,():(endogenousdevelopment)Cloke1994[2],,,,(human2centereddevelopment)(self2oriented),,,,:[3]GDP,26()37,,,,,,,,,,(++),,,,,,,,(NPO)(NGO),(localcommunity),,,,,,,,,,,()1971,(:ECOSOC1582L):(1);(2);(3);(4);(5)1975,DagHammarskjÊld,,:,[4],,(Need2oriented)(Self2reliant)(Ecologicallysound)(Basedonstructuraltransformation)DudlleySeers,,202080,,,(endogenous)(exogenous),,[5],,MustoFriedmannGarofoliHaan&VanderPloeg,(),2090,,,,(partnershipcollaboration),362,,:,1996,104,,,,,,,(),,:(1)VanderPloegandLong,,,,,,,,[6]320(2)Garofoli,;;,,[7](3):,,,,,,,,,,,[8](4):2000,:,;,;,;,,[9],,,,,:1.,,,,,,,,,,,,Jenkins,[10],,,2.,,,(rural2urban46()37dichotomy)[11-12],,,,,,,3.,,,,,(endogeneity)(bottom2up)(grassroots)(participation),,,,,,,()(endogenousgrowth),,,,:,,;;,:(1),MurphyShleiferVishny;(2),Arrow;(3),,RomerLucasR&D[13],,,,,,,(1):1,562,,:Ray,C.EndogenousSocio2EconomicDevelopmentandTrusifulRelationships:Partherships,SocialCapitalandIndioidualAgency.CentreforRuralEconomyWorkingPaperSeries,WorkingPaper45,jan2000a.(COMPAS),LEADER,,SEENGOLEADER,,LEADER(grass2roots),,,SEE,NGO,:,;,;,20046,16,,SEENGO,LEADER()LEADER,,LEADER(1),,LEADERLEADER,(LRDAG),,;LEADER,,,;,,1LEADER66()37,:theApplicationoftheProgrammeinTwoRuralAreasofAndalusia,SouthernSpain.inJournalofRuralStudies,1997,13(3),pp.319-341(),,,,,,,()LEADER:,,,,,,LEADER,,,2[6]326:2()(%)1913.734.42494.575.722687.9951.86872.0615.76433.9714.71122.422.62232.885.143757.62100(),,,,,AlpujarraLEADER,LEADER,3000,,Alpujarra,,SEE20042005,1415,;100;,,,,,,,,,,,,762,,:SEE(20042005),:(1),;(2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[][1]Sharp,J.S.,Agnitsch,K.,Ryan,V.,etal.SocialInfrastructureandCommunityEconomicDevelopmentStrategies:theCaseofSelf2developmentandIndustrialRecruitmentinRuralIowa[J].JournalofRuralStudies,2002,18:405-417.[2]Cloke,P.,Doel,M.,Matless,D.,etal.WritingtheRural:FiveCulturalGeographies[M].London:PaulChapman,1994.[3].1895-1945[J].,2005,39:1-30.[LeeChengjia.ACaseStudyontheApplicationofActorNetworkTheorytoRuralDevelopment:TheDevelopmentofChiu2FenSettlementfrom1895to1945[J].JournalofGeographicalScience,2005,39:1-30.][4]Nerfin,M.AnotherDevelopment.ApproachesandStrategies[M].Uppsala:DagHammarskjÊldFoundation,1977.[5],.[M].:,1989.[KazukoTsurumi,TadashiKawata.EndogenousDevelopmentTheory[M].Tokyo:TokyoUniversityPress,1989.][6]Barke,M.,Newton,M.TheEULeaderInitiativeandEndogenousRuralDevelopment:theApplicationofthePrograminTwoRuralAreasofAndalusia,SouthernSpain[J].JournalofRuralStudies,1997,13(3):319-341.[7]Sergio,B.IsThereRoomForLocalDevelopmentinaGlobalizedWorld[J].CepalReview,2005,86:45-60.[8].[M].,.:,2004.[Miyamotokenichi.EnvironmentalEconomics[M].Trans.PuYu.Beijing:TheJointPublishi