小学英语基础知识字母1、26个字母(听、说、读、写过关)(所有的大写字母占上两格):•ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ•RSTUVWXYZ•abcdefghijklmnop•qrstuvwxyz字母书写•占格:(1)占中间一格的字母:a,c,e,m,n,o,r,s,u,v,w,x,z•(2)占一二两格的字母:b,d,h,k,l,i,t以及所有大写字母•(3)占二三两格的字母:g,q,y•(4)占三格的字母:f,p,j单词书写•各字母要紧贴;•各字母要匀称;•①人名要大写:英文人名开头一个大写,中国人名姓、名分别大写,即两个大写;•②地名开头大写;•③国名开头大写;•④数词后置式的词组Class,Grade,Picture,单词开头要大写;•⑤缩写词一般要大写;•⑥I永远大写。•各字母斜度一致。形容词性物主代词人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsitsBe动词的用法Be动词用法口诀:我用am,你用are,Is连着他,她,它;单数名词用is,复数名词全用are,变否定,更容易,(be)后加not就可以,变问句,往前提,句末问号莫忘记。疑问否定任你变,举手大卸磨迟疑。I’m=IamI’mnot=Iamnotyou’re=youareyou’renot=youarenotThey’re=theyarethey’renot=theyarenotHe’s=heisheisn’t=heisnotShe’s=sheissheisn’t=sheisnotIt’s=itisitisn’t=itisnot名词单数变复数–规则变化:名词单数变复数,一般加-s没有错。•词尾s,x,sh,ch,o直接加上-es。•f,fe为结尾,加-s之前要变ve。•辅音字母+y来结尾,y变i再加-es没问题。•部分词尾字母若是o,加-es有tomato和potato。–不规则变化:不规则变化要特别记,oo常常变ee,foot-feet;男人、女人a改e,man→men;特殊child→children等。–不可数名词的复数使用原型。如:water,juice,soup,bread,rice,meat,cheese,fish,sheep…•o、s、x、ch、sh结尾的加es•potato--photoesbus—busesclass—classesglass—glassessunglass—sunglassesdress—dresses•box—boxesfox—foxes•dish—dishes•bench—benchesbranch—branchessandwich--sandwichesbrush—brusheswatch---watches•辅音字母+y结尾,变为ies•family—familiesbaby—babies•body—bodiesaviary—aviaries•fly—flieslibrary--librariesbutterfly--butterfliescountry—countries•Birthday--birthdays•f、fe结尾,去f、fe,变为ies•shelf—shelvesleaf—leaves•wolf—wolvesknife—knives•scarf---scarves特殊情况child—childrenmouse—micefoot—feettooth—teethsheep—sheeppeople—peoplefish—fish(表示数量)man—menpliceman—policemen•不可数名词无复数形式•milkteawaterjuicecoffee•soupricebreadjamhoney•butterflourgluepapersugar•salthairicetapemoneycorn•haygrassraintyphoonthunder•homeworktimerubbishinksnow•windchickencabbagefish•many—much•some—any•howmany—howmuch•nice—beautiful•pear—pairright—write•see—seaaren’t—aunt•who’s—whosefor—four•to—two—tooknow—no•where—wearhear—here•there—theirby—buy—bye•flour--flower•long—shorttall—shortlarge—small•new—oldyoung—oldthick—thin•fat—thinafraid—bravehungry—fullhappy—sadwet—dryhot—cold•warm—coolrough—smoothsoft—hard•white—blackfast—slowgood—bad•beautiful—uglycheap—dearright—wrong•clean—dirtyearly—latenoise—quiet•easy—difficultin—outup—down•left—righteast—westsouth—north•on—underinfrontof—behind•come—gosit—standhere—there•puton—takeoffgeton—getoff•turnon—turnoff动词的现在分词•1、一般情况加ing•cross--crossingdrink—drinkingbuy—buyingcolour—colouring•lay—layingmean—meaning•peel—peelingshout—shouting•pick—pickingfly—flying•eat---eatingjump---jumping•open--opening•2、不发音e结尾,去e加ing•come—comingbecome—becoming•bake—bakingdive—dikingdrive--drivingmake—makingtake----taking•bake---bakingtaste--tastingshine---shiningdance—dancingclose--closingride—ridingwrite—writinghave—havinggive--givingtake—takingsmoke—smoking•use—usingleave--leavingwave--wavinglive—livingshake---shaking现在进行时•1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。•2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.•3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。•4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。•5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:•疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?•但疑问词当主语时其结构为:•疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?一般现在时•一般现在时的功能•1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。•2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六点起床。•3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转一般现在时的构成•1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:•Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。•2.行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。如:•WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。一般现在时的变化•1.be动词的变化。•否定句:主语be+not+其它。•如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。•一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。•如:-Areyouastudent?•-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.•非凡疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?•2.行为动词的变化。①否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(其它)。如:Idon'tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:Hedoesn'toftenplay.②一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.•3.动词s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies•2.陈述句中有情态动词(canmaymust…)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。•如:Hecanswimnow.→•Canheswimnow?•Thechildrenmaycomewithus.→•Maythechildrencomewithus?•3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如:Iliketheseanimals.→Doyouliketheseanimals?•Shewantstogotothemovies.→Doesshewanttogotothemovies?特殊疑问句•一.特征•1、一般情况:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。•2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。•3、不用yes,no回答,直接回答。•4、读降调。•5、常用疑问词:who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。•熟记变特殊疑问句时,容易判断错的情况。•数词•表示年龄:Heisfifty-five.Howoldishe?•表示时间:It’sfifty-five.What’sthetime?•表示加法:Sixandtwoiseight.What’ssixandtwo?•表示价格:Theshirtisthirtyyuan.Howmuchistheshirt?•表示多少:Ihavethreebrothers.Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?•姓名和人•表示人名:MynameisGina.What’syourname?•表示人:ThewomanisGina.Whoisthewoman?•长度和距离•表示距离:It’sfivehundredmetresawayfromhere.Howfarisitfromhere?•表示长度:It’sfivehundredmetres.Howlongisit?•颜色,东西•表示颜色:Theshoesarewhite.Whatcoloraretheshoes?•表示物:Theyarewhitesheep.Whatarethey?•表示颜色:Theyarewhitesheep.Whatcolorarethesesheep?•名词所有格和人•表示名词所有格:She’sLucy’ssister.Whosesisterisshe?•表示人:She’sLucy’ssister.Whoisshe?