英美概况课件第四章hapter-VI-Religion-in-Britain.ppt

ChapterVIReligioninBritainI.GeneralIntroductionofthethreemainworldreligions1.BuddhismItwasfoundedinthe6thcenturyB.C.bySakyamuni.ItsdoctrineisfoundinBuddhistScripture.2.IslamItwasfoundedinthe7thcenturybyMohammed.ThedoctrineofIslamisfoundin“Quran”.3.ChristianityItcameintobeinginA.D.30anditsdoctrineistheHolyBible.II.BritishWorship1.TheAnglicanChurchA.ItcameintobeingduringtheEuropeanReformationof16thcentury.B.ItisthemostimportantdenominationanditistheestablishedchurchoftheEnglishnation.C.ItisalsocalledtheChurchofEngland.ItisoneofthemaindenominationofProtestantism.D.ArchbishopofCanterburycalledthePrimateofallEngland,isitsspiritualleaderandArchbishopofYorkiscalledthePrimateofEngland.E.BishopsanddiocesesandcathedralsF.Itrunsitsownaffairs,ownsstocks,shares,landandotherproperties.G.Itisnowall-inclusive,havingtheabilitytobebothProtestantandCatholic.“highchurch”and“lowchurch”2.TheFreeChurchesA.FormingManyprotestantsobjectedthattheAnglicanchurchhadnotmovedfarenoughawayfromtheChurchofRoman.TheythoughttheAnglicanChurchhadnotcompletedthrownawaytherulesandservicesoftheChurchofRome.TheNonconformistswantedtobefreetochoosetheirownformofchurchorganizationandservices,sotheyformedtheirown.B.NonconformistdenominationsTheydonothavearchbishopsandtheirchurchesandservicesareverysimple.a.FreeChurchb.TheMethodistThemainreligionofthepeopleinmanynorthernminingandindustrialareas,andalsoinWales.Theyhavearegularformofchurchservice.c.TheCongregationalChurchlate16thC.d.theBaptistChurch17thC.Theyinsistedthatthechurchshouldbeindependent,againstanyinterferencefromoutside.e.Quakers=theSocietyofFriendsTheywerefoundedinthe17thcenturywithoutministersandorganizedservices.Theybelievestronglyinpeaceandhelpingpeopleintrouble.f.Presbyterianchurchg.ThePentecostalchurchh.TheSalvationArmyFirstaimistopreachthestoryofJesusChristtounbelievers.Theydoagreatdealofsocialworkamongthepoorandthesick.Theorganizationisalmostmilitary.i.Puritanism•Itaroseinthelate16thcentury.•Puritanswishedtheceremoniestobesimplified;theorganizationunderarchbishopsandbishopstobeabolished;themoralruletobestrict.•Theyinsistedthatmanshouldpurifyhislife,whencetheirname.•Theydenouncedmanycommonpleasuresassinfulandcorrupting.•Atthebeginningof17thcentury,manyPuritanssufferedfrompersecutionandwenttoAmericaasimmigrantsandthePuritanstookpartinvariouskindsofpoliticalandsocialactivitiesduringtheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution.3.TheOtherReligiousDenominationsA.TheJewishFaithMorethanhalfliveinLondon.B.TheCatholicChurchTheleaderistheCardinalArchbishopofWestminster.TheUKisdividedinto8Catholicprovinces.C.PresbyterianchurchinScotlandhasaformofgovernment.D.TheChurchesinWales:CalvinistorPresbyterianchurchesIII.TheTendencyandMainFeatures1.UnityAmongtheChurchesA.“UnitedReformedChurch”B.PriestsfromalldenominationsdiscusswaysofencouragingChristianUnity.C.Theypreachineachother’schurches.2.Co-operationAmongtheChurchesA.theCouncilofChurchesforBritainandIrelandB.theFreeChurchFederalCouncilC.Inter-churchdiscussionsD.WorldCouncilofChurches3.MoreSocialSocialwelfarehasbeenatraditionofthechurch.4.Up-to-dateChurchismakingeffortstokeepintouchwithpeopleinthemodernworld.5.No“Christian”politicalPartyThereisnoChristianpoliticalpartywhichcontrolsthepoliticalaffairsthoughreligionhasmuchinfluenceoversociallife.6.AWide-spreadInterestinReligionPeopleinthemodernworldtrytoseekmorepleasureorenjoycivilizationinreligiousceremonyfrombooksandTVprogrammes.IV.TheSituationoftheReligioninBritain1.ReligioninBritainisplayinganincreasinglylessimportantroleinthesociallife.2.Itisofmuchsignificanceinliteratureandartandinwesterncivilization.ThankYouChristianity•PaulwasthefounderofChristiantheology.•ChristianityisnotsimplyaJewishsect.•ChristianityestablisheditselfthroughouttheRomanEmpireashighlyorganizedhierarchyseparatefromtheStateandpredominantlyGentile.•Ithasthreemaingroups:CatholicismOrthodoxEasternChurchProtestantismBack