大脑结构解剖图

TheTelencephalon山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferiorThreeprincipalsulciCentralsulcus中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcusFivelobesFrontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶ParietallobeInsularlobeSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcusPrecentralgyrusSuperiorfrontalsulcusInferiorfrontalsulcusSuperior,middleandinferioefrontalgyriParietallobe:Postcentralsulcus中央后沟Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶Supramarginalgyrus缘上回Angulargyrus角回SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePostcentralsulcusPostcentralgyrusSuperiorparietallobuleSupramarginalgyrusAngulargyrusIntraparietalsulcusTemporallobe:Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回Middletemporalgyrus颞中回Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回Transversetemporalgyri颞横回SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceSuperiortemporalsulcusInferiortemporalsulcusSuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrusInferiortemporalgyrusTransversetemporalgyriSulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcusPrecentralgyrusSuperiorfrontalsulcusInferiorfrontalsulcusSuperior,middleandinferioefrontalgyriPostcentralsulcusPostcentralgyrusSuperiorparietallobuleSupramarginalgyrusAngulargyrusSuperiortemporalsulcusInferiortemporalsulcusSuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrusInferiortemporalgyrusSulciandgyriofmedialsurfaceCorpuscallosum胼胝体Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶Lingualgyrus舌回SulciandgyriofmedialsurfaceCorpuscallosumCallosalsulcuscingulategyrusCingulatesulcusMarginalramusParacentrallobuleCalcarinesulcusCuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrusSulciandgyriofinferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质Collateralsulcus侧副沟Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回Hippocampalsulcus海马沟Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回Hippocampalformation海马结构InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulbOlfactorytractOlfactorytrigoneAnteriorperforatedsubstanceCollateralsulcusOccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyriParahippocampalgyrusUncusHippocampusDentategyrusHippocampalformationHistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮质(hippocampalformation海马结构)Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayersFunctionallocationofcerebralcortexFirstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobuleFirstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区CharactersRepresentationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovementsFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobuleFirstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbodyAuditoryarea听区LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothearsVisualarea视区LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefectionsVestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculumLanguagearea语言中枢Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexiaLateralventricle侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructuresCommunicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricleBasalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体Globuspallidus苍白球putamen壳Neostriatum新纹状体－paleostriatum旧纹状体WhitematterAssociationfibers联络纤维RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitu